Basic Chemistry
Review for mid-terms
Element
What is an element? - Substance that can't be broken into a simpler chemical substances
Periodic Table - a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure
Parts of an atom
Atom-smallest part of the element that has characteristics of that element
- Nucleus - the center of an atom
- Proton- Positive charge particle (p+)
- Neutron - neutral particle
- Electron cloud - Area around the nucleolus
- Electron - Negative charge particle (e-)
Protons and Neutrons
Makes up the nucleus of an atom
Electrons
Electrons move around the outer shells of the atom
Electron Cloud
Where all the electrons are contained
Drawing Atoms
How to draw an atom
Ionic bonds
How to draw an ionic bond
Acids and Bases
pH: Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
- A scale with values ranging from 0 to 14 is used to measure pH
Acid: Substance with a pH below 7. Forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water
Neutral: pH is 7
Base: Substance with a pH above 7. Forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
Lewis dot Structure
Ionic Bond
Covalent Molecules, Bohr models
Bohr Model
How to draw a covalent bond