chemistry of life
Dasia Arroyo
Information About Water.
- Water heats slower and retains heat longer than many substances.
- Water is cohesive, Which means it bonds to itself.
- Water is adhesive, which means it bonds with other substances.
- water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Nonpolar substances do not dissolve well in water.
- water is less dense when frozen.
- water is polar, which means the charges are uneven.
- water is based on a pH scale from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral, less than 7 indicating acid, and greater than 7 indicating a base.
Adhesion
The water is bonding with another substance.
cohesion
The water is bonding with itself forming a droplet.
ph scale
This scale tells if the water is a acid or a base.
Macromolecules
- A macromolecule is a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, and synthetic polymers.
- There are four types of macromolecules, which are lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are molecules that provide fuel and build structures in the body.
- It is also a source of energy.
Three types of carbohydrates
- starches
- fiber
- sugars
Carbohydrates are divided into four groups
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Examples
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Lactose
- chitin
- Cellulose
Example
this shows how the elements bond.
example of starches.
breads and grain
example
This shows the different strings of carbohydrates.
proteins
Proteins are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
eight types of proteins and their functions
- hormonal -are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities.
- enzymatic -are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.
- structural -are fibrous and stringy and provide support.
- defensive-proteins involved in defending the body from antigens.
- storage-store amino acids.
- transport-are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.
- receptorcontrol the substances that enter and leave the cells, including water and nutrients.
- contractile-are responsible for movement.
lipids
A class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Examples
- natural oils
- waxes
- steroids
Function
Lipids store energy.
example
types of foods that are lipids.
example
showing how the elements bond.
example
oils
Nucleic Acids
A Nucleic acid is a complex organic substance present in living cells.
types of nucleic acid
- DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA -ribonucleic acid
Nucleic acids are important because they make up genetic information.
structure of DNA
Shows what DNA is made of.
DNA and RNA
The differences between the two.
Example
DNA and RNA