Quadratics
By: Dannia Kamakh
Properties Of A Quadratic
- The quadratic relation is called a parabola
- The vertex of the parabola is either the greatest point on the parabola or the smallest point
- If the parabola opens up it has a minimum
- If the parable opens down it has a maximum
- If the information is in a table then the second differences determines wether it will open up or down if the second difference is negative then it opens down if its positive it opens up
- The vertex's co-ordinates are (h,k) x=h and y=k
- The equation of the axis of symmetry is x=h
Multiplying Binomials
For example:
(x+3)(x+3)
You first multiply the x in the first bracket with the x in the 2nd bracket and the number in the 2nd bracket then you repeat the process only using the 2nd number in the first bracket this time.
=x^2+3x+3x+9 *** The first number should always have a ^2 and there should also be 2 other x's***
Then you simplify and get:
x^2+6x+9
Common Factoring
ab+ac= Expanding
a(b+c)= FactoringFor example: 10a+5a+40
10a+5a+40
You find a common factor between the first 2 numbers or 3 and divide every term by it.
=5(5a+a+8)
Factoring By Grouping
x^3 +2x^2+8x+16
so you first common factor it
=x^2(x+2)+8(x+2)
Then you find what else they have in common (x+2) and factor it. And put whatever is in-between in brackets in the 2nd pair of brackets .
=(x+2)(x^2+8)
Factoring Simple Trinomials
For example:
x^2+7x+6
So 6 x 1=6 (Now I have the product) now I need to figure out what 2 numbers add to +7 and multiply to 6?
6 and 1 do (6 x 1=6 and 6 + 1=7)
so i simply put them into the brackets with the x's
(x+6)(x+1)
If I wanted to check and expand and simplify I should get the original equation back.
(x+6)(x+1)
x^2+6x+x+6
x^2+7x+6
Factoring Complex Trinomials
8x^2+22x+15
P=120 S=-22
=8x^2+10x+12x+15 (sub in the 2 numbers that multiply to get the P and add to get the S)
=2x(4x+5)+3(4x+5) (Factor by Grouping)
=(4x+5)(2x+3) (Factored Form)
Completing the Square
y=x^2+6x+11
y=(x^2+6x)+11 (Block of first 2 terms)
y=(x^2+6x)+11 (Factor)
y=(x^2+6x+9-9)+11 (Divide middle number by 2 and square it, make it equal to "0")
y=(x^2+6x+9)+11-9 (Factor inside the bracket)
y=(x+3)^2+2 (Vertex Form)
The Quadratic Formula
Graphing and Solving Quadratic Equations
1. You need to factor it by completing the square
y=-x^2 -2x+3
y=-x^2-3x+x+3
y=-x(x+3)-1(x+3)
y=(x-1)(x+3)
2. You now have your factored form quadratic equation no we can find the x and y intercepts
y=(x+1)(x+3) (To get your x-int you need to make each bracket =0)
x=1 x=-3
to get you y-int you need to make your x's equal to 0
y=(0-1)(0+3)
y=(-1)(3)
y=3
3. To find your vertex you need to get your x's add them together and divide them by 2 this will give you your h
h=(3)+(-1)=2
h=-2/2
h=-1
Now you take your h and plug it back into the original equation where the x's are
y=-x^2 -2x+3
y=-(-1)^2 -2(-1)+3
k=4
vertex=(-1,4)
Your Turn!
x^2+4x+3
Answer: x=-1,-3 y-int=3 vertex:(-2,-1)
and
2(x+2)^2
Answer: vertex:(-2,0)