30 Years War (1618-1648)
Swedish, French, and Post War By Ammaar Basher & Daoud Haque
Summary
Cause
Course
1555
Peace of Augsburg grants local german princes to determine their territory’s religion, grants Germany with an uneasy peace
1618-1629
Ferdinand of House Hapsburg becomes Holy Roman emperor, staunch supporter of Catholicism
Catholic forces of Spain, Bavaria, and Holy Roman Empire unite in one alliance
Catholics obtain power over Protestants
Denmark intervenes to protect German protestants, gets mightily defeated
Denmark pledges to not participate in war anymore (1629)
1630
France and Sweden sign an Alliance
Swedish land in Pomerania
Army led by King Gustavus Adolphus, with a subsidy from French Government, and local protestant militias
1631
Routed imperialists of Breitenfeld out of most of Germany, protestants control most of Germany
Up until this point, war was between local German factions
Now became a struggle with the major European Powers
1634
Protestant revival was thriving until Spanish arrived and defeated swedish field army
Routed protestants from southern germany
1635
King Gustavus dies in battle, Sweden pretty much withdraws its involvement in the war
1635 and 1636
France declares war on Spain (1635)
Declare war on the holy roman emperor and empire (1636
1640
Spanish army retreats due to domestic rebellions of Catalonia and Portugal
1643
French victory over Spain at Rocroi
King Louis XIII of France die
1645
Sweden defeats imperialists at Jankau, pretty much a knockout punch in the war
1648
Peace of Westphalia
Settled most disputes
1648 and on
Post war effects:
20% Germany’s population perished
Economy declined due to unstable populations
Worst catastrophe to afflict Germany until WW2
Conflict ended religious warring
Religion was no longer as major a factor in politics
Key Figures/Groups
- King of Sweden during Swedish Phase
Louis XIII
- King of France during Franco-Swedish Phase
Ferdinand II of Bohemia
- He was the Holy Roman Emperor
- Attempted to curtail the religious activities of his people, sparking rebellions among Protestants