African American Movement
segregation
Taking Away the Vote
- Fifteenth Amendment- prohibits states from denying citizens right to vote (race, color, condition of servitude)
- Poll Tax- pay to vote - poor African Americans can't vote
- Literacy Test (couldn't read)
- white votes fell- some also poor & illiterate
- Grandfather clause- let more whites vote if they had an ancestor who could vote in 1867
Legalizing Segregation
- Jim Crow Laws- enforced discrimination
- Civil Rights Act 1875- legalized segregation
- Fourteenth Amendment- allowed practice of segregation
- laws establishing racial segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson 1892
- Homer Plessy challenged Louisiana Law- ride separate from whites
- arrested
- Louisiana Law- "separate but equal" facilities
Website: http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/bf09.socst.us.const.plessy/plessy-v-ferguson/
Ida B. Wells
- African American- launched crusade against lynching (kill without legal trial)
- mob ran her out- continued campaign in Chicago
- Congress rejected anti-lynching bill
- the number of lynchings decreased
Booker T. Washington
- proposed that African Americans concentrate on economic goals rather than political
- Washington's speech- African Americans should focus on education for full equality
- make things with your hands- farmers, carpenters
W. E. B. Du Bois
- African American activist
- get an education- lawyer, teacher
- concerned with protecting voting rights
- following all of this, African Americans worked to win vote and end discrimination
- Niagra Movement- NAACP largest organization advocates for African Americans
African Americans were discriminated against. Voting rights were established, but things like tax and illiteracy kept African Americans from voting. Laws were passed to make segregation legal. People like Homer Plessy stood up for their rights. Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W. E. B. Du Bois showed the responses of the African Americans.