Genetics
By: Austin King
DNA and RNA
DNA is made up of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
RNA is made up of ribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
Traits/Heredity
Traits - the physical characteristics of an organism.
Ex: eye color, animal's weight, and height.
Herdity- The passage of biological traits or characteristics from parents to offspring through the inheritance of genes.
Ex: the passage of traits
Dominant/Recessive
Homozygous/Heterozygous
Punnett Squares
Genotype- the actual genes
Phenotype- the physical appearance
Complimentary DNA and mRNA strands
X-Linked Disorders
x-linked disorders are passed from parent to offspring.
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Genetic Engineering
DNA Fingerprinting - Gel Electrophoresis
DNA fingerprinting is the way police solve many crimes.
Mitosis
A somatic cell is any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Meiosis
Genetic variation refers to diversity in gene frequencies.
Gametes
A gamete is a sex cell that is a sperm for males and an egg for females. Two gametes combine to make a zygote.
Haploid vs. Diploid
Mendel
Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics, and he used pea plants to prove heredity.
Watson and Crick
Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the double helix structure of DNA while doing experiments at Cambridge.