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Arctic Ice Melt
Jennifer Francis, a research professor at Rutgers University quotes that "when sea ice melts, the dark ocean underneath absorbs much more energy from the sun during the summer, which warms the water more than usual. When fall arrives and cold air moves in again, all the energy stored in the water gets released into the atmosphere, which, in turn, causes the air above the water to warm up more than usual. This warming effect of pushing the jet stream northward. The jet stream is a fast-moving river of air high in the atmosphere that generates the weather we experience at the Earth's surface."
According to the estimating of scientists, the Arctic is expected to be ice-free in late summer by the 2030s, halting the changes to wind patterns, while climate change will continue to increase average temperatures.
Arctic Animals and the Heat's Effects
The Ivory Gull (seabird) is intimately associated with sea ice for most of its life, nesting and breeding on rocky cliffs that offer protection from predators, and flying to the nearby sea ice to fish through cracks in the ice and scavenge on top of the ice. Already there has been an 90% reduction in Canada over the past 20 years.