Canada in 2035
INTRODUCTION
UNIT ONE-CHANGING POPULATIONS
Immigration
Current facts
-Canada's average immigration per year is 250,000, which is actually a lot for a country. Canada itself increased its immigration to 250,000 per year.
-Other then that there were many people emigrating from their home country specially during 1800's because mostly every country was going through a lot of trouble like; war, safety, freedom, and health care.
- Canada offered a lot like; good education, good health care, freedom, free land, safety and a lot of job opportunities.
Current information on immigration of Canada
- Over the last 200 years Canada has been getting a lot of immigrants, and in fact Canada's 97% of the population are immigrants.
-In the present day, Canada has limited it's immigration because of the vast population.
Demography and First Nations
First Nations
'In 1876, the Canadian government created the Indian Act, an act that gave the Canadian government the control over who could legally be considered an Indian'.
FACTS:
- Since the Indian Act, life has been hard for First Nations.
-First Nations are living off reserves.
-Their health care is very poor.
-They have higher obesity rates.
-Diabetes is one of many health issues related to obesity.
-Food insecurity is common among them.
- Children are brutally treated in the residential schools.
DEMOGRAPHY
CURRENT FACTS:
- -Canadian population at the moment is around 3.5 million.
- -Majority of the population has immigrated from Asia, like; India, Pakistan, China, and Saudi Arabia.
- -The birth rate is very low .
- -Death rate is low.
Summary
KEY POINTS;
-Canada's immigration and demographics are declining because of the limiting on immigration, people having less children, low birth rate, low death rate, and the decrease in the natural increase.
- For the First Nations, they're life style is terrible and they're controlled by the federal government so they don't have freedom and human rights. They're also brutally treated by the government.
SUMMARY
So if the immigration and demographics are already in decline, i think they're going to decline even more and get a lot more worse in 2050. Canada would most likely move to stage 5 in demography due to decrease in immigration, demographic and natural increase. So from my point of view i don't see better changes, instead i see worse changes and conflicts in 2050. I also see poor immigration and demographics in 2050. Apart from demography and immigration, i think the first nations would have a bright future and good lifestyle by 2050 because of the reasons mentioned above.
UNIT TWO
CLIMATE
Canada tends to have long and harsh winters, and very short summers. Canada has a cold climate because it is further away from the equator. Canada tends to have relief and cyclonic precipitation. That is because water vapour condenses into rain, and if it winters the water vapour condenses into snow. Canada has many snowstorms which are caused by cyclonic precipitation. A cyclonic storm forms when warm air mass and cold air ass collide. Since Canada has a cold weather majority of the time, Canada tends to have a maritime climate.
Let's talk about some of the regions of Canada;
Canada's PHYSICAL REGIONS
St. Lawrence lowlands is Canada’s physical region. It is located in the southern parts of Ontario and Quebec. It has a warm and dry climate because it’s close to the equator. St. Lawrence lowlands has a great biodiversity, because of the five biographic zones found in this region. St. Lawrence lowlands was formed by glaciation. There are many natural resources found in st. Lawrence lowlands, such as; rich soil, fresh water, arable land, clay and many minerals such as; iron, copper and zinc.
Canadian shield
Canadian shield is the largest physical region of Canada. The rock types in the Canadian shield are Precambrian igneous and high grade metaphoric rocks. The Canadian shield is rich with minerals, such as; copper, zinc, iron, gold, silver, uranium, diamonds, and lead. The vegetation in the Canadian shield is mixed with different trees and forests, such as; birch, aspen, tamarack, black and white spruce, hemlock, pine and balsam trees.
Innuitian Mountains
The innuitian mountains are made of metamorphic, sedimentary rocks, and igneous rocks. Natural gas and coal are found in this region. It’s covered by a swampy forest. the main vegetation are bushes, isolated trees, stunted tamarack, and black spruce ( poor vegetation).
How will climate change alter Canada’s physical environment?
How will climate change alter Canada’s physical environment?
Due to greenhouse gas emissions, the climate is getting warmer. The increasing rates of global warming can affect everything living the arctic, such as; polar bears, fish stocks, migrating birds and people living in north. Global changes can cause rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. If the whole marine life is damaged, then that would affect the whole food web, because of so many animals depending on water and fish. Not only does it affect animals, it affects us human beings. That is because we would have short water supplies, and getting diseases from ocean acidification, which is already happening in Alberta. Cancer rates are increasing daily due to the diseases caused by ocean acidification. Except for the damage in the marine life, our atmosphere would be filled with toxic pollutants due to global warming. This would cause a destruction to the whole physical environment of Canada.
How can we improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of our transportation systems?
Fuel efficiency:
· Fuel efficient vehicles require less gas, meaning less oil. Due to less oil, we cut global warming emissions, and produce less pollution.
Biofuels:
· Biofuels are made from plants or ‘biomasses’. Biofuels cut down oil use and fuel related emissions. It produces 90% fewer global warming emissions, compared to gasoline.
Electric Vehicles:
· Electric vehicles produces less global warming pollution. It also saves 1.5 billion barrels of oil a day.
SUMMARY
UNIT THREE
Mining;
Mining industry is very important in Canada because we get major resourses from there, such as; metals, and oil. Some of the resources like; copper, gold, and zinc are non renewable, which causes a lot of waste, and is also a risk of running out of these resources. This could be stopped by keeping the resources in a sustainable manner. That could be done by a circular economy, because it reduces the amount of waste. In a circular economy, products are always being repaired, which tends to reduce the waste. With a circular economy, we would have a cyclical. Cyclical is a cycle that decreases the needed amount of mining resources. This means that in future there won’t be a risk of running out of mining resource. Canada already uses sustainable practices that are designed to minimize the impacts of mining, such as; reducing water and energy consumption. So technically mining is environmentally sustainable, but to make it better they can do a circular economy, and the cyclical.
Energy-Oil
Oil is considered to be the most important resource in Canada, that is because oil generates electricity, and without electricity we can’t drive, travel, and cook. These are daily basis of our life, and they all depend oil. Oil production releases toxic pollutants in the air, which lead to global warming. It has the same effect as mining. Canada can keep this in a sustainable manner by using bio fuels, fuel efficiency, and electrical vehicles. Bio fuels cut down oil use and related fuel emissions, compared to gasoline. Fuel efficiency vehicles require less oil, which means less pollution. Oil industries in Canada can be sustainable if we use these methods.
Canada's world connections and Globalization
Canada is connected to the world by trade. The top 5 trading partner countries of Canada are; United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Mexico, and China. The other trading partners are; India, Columbia, Honduras, Jordan, Panama, Peru, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Not only does Canada is connected to other countries for trading, Canada also has investment promotion and and protection agreements with 17 countries. Canada is also negotiating with 14 other countries. One of the major agreement Canada is associated with is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is a free trade agreement between the United states and Canada, and later on Mexico also joined this agreement. This created a multilateral trade agreement, and the largest GDP ‘trade bloc’ in the whole world(in terms of combined GDP), which was 17 trillion. NAFTA created a strong economy of Canada, and built healthier relationships among the three countries. As you can see Canada is connected to the whole world by trading and other agreements. Canada already has healthy relationships with other countries. In future Canada would most probably have more connections to the world, looking at the existence ones.
Canada is one of the most industrialized countries, with a very strong economy, and as time passed by, Canada has been more interconnected globally. Canada has countless connections to the world, which makes the economy really strong. Canada is already active globally with other countries, and therefore globalization is becoming common within developed countries. Canada will surely be connected to the world through globalization because of trading.
Summary
As i mentioned, Canada has a lot of connection with the world, which is really good for Canada's economy. Not only is it helping Canada's economy it also creates healthier relationships with other countries. This is a positive thing for Canada, and looking at the connections right now, i think Canada would be even more globalized by 2035.
UNIT FOUR-URBAN SPRAWL
Urban expansion; Its when cities expand as there population grows. They expand to make room for new housing, industries, stores and services. But as they expand they affect our health, farmland, and transportation. Urban sprawl takes too much space by cutting out farmlands. Urban sprawl take more space then we even need, which ends up giving us a lot of space. We have big areas with so much space, because of that we can't even walk to places because they're too far. Not having a friendly walking environment makes the area car dependent, which then causes carbon emissions, and leads to global warming
Farmland;
In order to that, they take out the farmlands because they take a lot of space. “According to a study by Statistics Canada, urban uses have consumed more that 7,400 square kilometers of farmland in the past years”. Urban sprawl is taking away our farms, wild-lands, and green-space.
Obesity;
Urban sprawl also has a huge impact on people, causing obesity. There are higher rates of obesity and diabetes in suburb areas because they’re not walking friendly. Suburb areas have a huge amount of land and space, so people don’t tend to walk when they go out because stores and services are pretty further away from housing areas. Majority of the people in suburb areas travel in car. This leads to obesity, which then leads to diabetes.
Transportation;
Urban areas become car dependent because of place being further away from each other. That creates more traffic, which means more carbon emissions, and this leads to global warming. This affects our atmosphere by surrounding it with green house gases.
How can Canada reduce the negative impacts of Urban Sprawl?
SUMMARY
As i talked about about urban sprawl and it's negative impacts on the society and the environment, it doesn't shows us a good future for Canada. The Canadian Government should not consume too many farmlands, when they don't actually need that much land and space. If Urban Sprawl continues then it would definitely affect the society and the environment even more in 2035. There would be more green house gas emissions, higher obesity levels, and very less farmland.
CONCLUSION
Immigration, Demography, and First Nations
Looking at Canada's population and demography, i think Canada is going to get over populated by 2035 because the population is growing day by day. Every year 250,000 people immigrate to Canada. If that continues then Canada is definitely going to get over populated by 2035.
First Nations in Canada are treated brutally and are forced to live in reserves. I think that's going to change by 2035 because the Canadian government is already working on helping them.
Interactions between the Physical Environment
By reviewing the physical environment of Canada, I see a lot of risk factors for Canada's future climate and environment. Due to green house gases emissions, the atmosphere is full of pollution which leads to global warming. The green house gas emissions are making the climate warmer. By 2035 the climate is going be a lot more different, because right now we have more winters but by then i think the climate would be warmer.
Managing Canada's Resources and Industries
Canada's natural resources are being wasted due to too much consumption. Canada is using a lot of natural resources even though they don't need a big amount of it. Canada's industries should be sustainable, so they don't affect our environment, which they are.
Canada is a globally developed country, which strengthens Canada's economy a lot. The countless connections Canada has with other countries, makes Canada globalized. It also helps maintain Canada's relationships with other countries.
Urban Sprawl
Urban sprawl has quite a few negative impacts, such as; cutting out farmlands, less physical activities, obesity, dependent on cars. Due to stores and services being far from housing areas, people get dependent on cars to go to places. This creates traffic, and leads to carbon emission, which then leads to global warming.
Summary
Except for immigration and First nations, all of the topics have one thing in common which is, global warming. Global warming is the main concern which can change the physical environment of Canada. It damages the environment and pollutes the atmosphere. But as I mentioned above global warming can be stopped, and that is by using bio-fuels, fuel efficiency, and electrical vehicles. All of these things cut down the use of oil, which then reduces global warming.
By going over the four units, i don't think if Canada will be a better place because there are more cons than pros. Over population, climate change, destruction in the physical environment, and urban sprawl come together as a risk to Canada. they have a lot of risk factors, as mentioned above. But then again, the government and the people could work together as a community and takes those risk factors away.
This was a short ride of my plane heading to Canada in 2035. I hope you enjoyed it!
Bibliography
Urban Sprawl
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11678-eng.htm
http://www.weebly.com/weebly/main.php
Canada's physical environment
https://prezi.com/klpduiofq4pp/st-lawrence-lowlands/
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/2007000/5212638-eng.htm
Demography
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130926/dq130926a-eng.htm
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130709/dq130709a-eng.htm
First Nations
http://www.afn.ca/index.php/en/news-media/current-issues/canada-first-nations-joint-action-plan2
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130129/dq130129b-eng.htm
Immigration
http://www.immigrationwatchcanada.org/
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-520-x/91-520-x2014001-eng.htm
Industries
http://www41.statcan.gc.ca/2006/1664/ceb1664_000-eng.htm
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/prim03-eng.htm