The Big Bang
Makayla Brown
What is the Big Bang?
One way we know that the Big Bang happened is that we can see the universe expanding. When we look at the night sky we can see the stars and we can see these fuzzy patches. Those are other galaxies that are much farther away than our stars. We can't actually see the galaxies moving, but the clue is in the light coming from them. It is redder then it should be. Another way we know the Big Bang happened is that we can see the afterglow of the Big Bang. We can't see the afterglow with the naked eye but we can see it with some of our telescopes. After the Big Bang, the whole universe was flooded with incredibly bright light. As the universe has expanded, the light has been stretched into microwaves. The third and final reason we know the Big Bang happened is that we can see the gas clouds in the early universe. Gas clouds were recently found in the distant universe. Some of them are around 12 billion years old. We can tell what the clouds are made of by using a technique called spectroscopy.
How this evidence proves the Big Bang happened
The gas clouds prove that they are mostly made up of hydrogen and helium, which the big bang predicted. The Hubble Space Telescope lets us see the galaxies and almost most of them are moving away from our galaxy at a very fast speed. The Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope keep measuring the expansion of the universe. According to the theories of physics, if we were able to see the universe one second after the Big Bang exploded, what we would see is a 10-billion degree sea of neutrons, protons, electrons, anti-electrons, photons, and neutrons. As time went on we see the Universe cool. When the free electrons were absorbed to form neutral atoms, the Universe suddenly became transparent. Those same photons, the afterglow of the Big Bang known as cosmic background radiation, can be observed today.
Red Shift
Red Shift is when its siren has a higher pitch when it comes close to you. This also happens with light too. Our sun contains helium. We know this because there are black lines in the spectrum of the light from the sun, where helium has absorbed the light. These lines form the absorption spectrum for helium.
The Big Bang
This picture is in the making of the Big Bang exploding
The Doppler Effect
Blueshift and Red Shift
Composition of the Universe
72% is Dark Energy, 24% is Dark Matter, 1% is Normal Matter