Impressionism, Surrealism, Pop Art
The Light, The Dream, and The Decade of Consumer Art
Evolution of Artist Approaches
The Impressionists
http://www.nea.org/tools/lessons/exploring-impressionism-9-12.html#a
Surrealism Explained
SURREALISM-ART STORY READING-
Surrealism Glossary
Background: The part of a picture that appears furthest from the viewer; also, the area against which a figure or scene is placed.
Caricature: A rendering, usually a drawing, of a person or thing with exaggerated or distorted features, meant to satirize the subject.
Collage: The technique and resulting work of art in which fragments of paper and other materials are arranged and glued to a supporting surface.
Composition: The arrangement of elements within a work of art. Costume: What a figure in a picture is wearing.
Expression: A facial aspect indicating an emotion.
Figurative: The representation of a form or figure in art that retains clear ties to the real world.
Foreground: The part of a picture that appears closest to the viewer.
Gesture: The placement of a figure’s hands. Iconoclasm: The doctrine, or practice, of attacking settled beliefs or institutions.
Iconography: Meaningful imagery or symbolism in a work of art.
Kinetic sculpture: Art that depends on motion. Landscape: An image that has natural scenery as its primary focus.
Medium: The general or specific categorization of art based on the materials used (for example, painting [or specifically, watercolor], drawing, sculpture).
Merz: A term invented by the artist Kurt Schwitters to describe his collage and assemblage works made from scavenged fragments and objects.
Middle ground: The part of a picture that is between the foreground and background.
Opaque: Blocking the passage of light.
Photomontage: A collage work that includes cut or torn-and-pasted photographs or photographic reproductions.
Pose: The way a figure is positioned.
Rayograph:A term invented by Man Ray to describe what is conventionally known as a photogram (see above).
Readymade: A word coined by Marcel Duchamp to describe mass-produced objects that he designated as art.
Tone: The lightness or darkness of a color.
Translucent: Permitting the passage of light.
https://www.moma.org/momaorg/shared/pdfs/moma_learning/docs/MAI5_Full.pdf
Surrealism
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm
Drawing in Surrealism Exhibit
https://www.themorgan.org/sites/default/files/pdf/press/DrawingSurrealismPressRelease.pdf
LACMA ESSAY Drawing in Surrealism
http://www.lacma.org/sites/default/files/DrawingIntroductoryEssay.pdf
About This Artwork
PROJECT DIRECTIONS
MATERIALS Tempera paint, gouache, or digital media
Glossary -Impressionism
Glossary
academic (adj)
conforming to standards, traditions, or conventions promoted by an academy or school of higher learning. During the Impressionist period, the term referred specifically to France’s Academy of Fine Arts, which encouraged students to paint classical or biblical subjects in a highly detailed style. Students trained at the Academy drew from plaster casts, progressing slowly to painting live models in poses, and finally to creating compositions based on classical sources and the work of Old Masters.
asymmetrical (adj)
not identical on both sides of a central line; lacking conventional balance or symmetry
avant-garde (adj)
unconventional or experimental; ahead of its time; often used to describe progressive art, music, or literature
Ben-Day process (n)
named for New York printer Benjamin Day (1838–1916), a process for adding tone or shading by overlaying patterns, usually dots, onto the plate; used in printing comic strips
Bonaparte, Louis Napoléon (Napoléon III) (1808–1873)
French president from 1848 to 1852 and emperor from 1852 to 1870. He gave France two decades of prosperity under a stable and authoritarian government known as the Second Empire but finally led it to defeat in the Franco-German War (1870–71), which forced many Impressionists to leave Paris.
composition (n)
the arrangement of elements such as shape, space, and color in a work of art
easel painting (n)
a small painting on canvas, often executed on an easel and usually intended to be framed and hung on a wall, although it may be displayed on the easel
expressionistic (adj)
a type of art that seeks to convey emotion through distortions of color, shape, and space
formalist (adj)
showing marked attention to style or form rather than the imitation of actual appearances. Formalist art is usually flat and two-dimensional and emphasizes abstract shapes.
Haussmann, George-Eugène, Baron (1809–1891)
French administrator who transformed Paris during the mid-19th century, turning a mass of small streets into a space marked by wide, straight, tree-lined avenues. Haussmann’s city planning also opened up parks, increased the number of streetlights and sidewalks, and gave rise to the sidewalk cafés enjoyed and portrayed by the Impressionists. There were three motives behind the planning effort: to promote industrialization by enabling goods and services to be transported more efficiently, to beautify the city, and to prevent rebellion by eliminating the narrow streets where barricades could be erected.
high-keyed (adj)
a term referring to bright colors free of gray, black, or dark hues; colors that approximate the range of colors seen on a sunny day
horizon line (n)
the horizontal line in a work of art that forms the apparent boundary between earth and sky
Impressionism (n)/ Impressionist (adj)
progressive art movement that originated in France in the late 19th century. Impressionist painters wanted to capture the rapidly changing modern world and the fleeting moods of nature. Impressionism relied on optical blending to depict the fluctuations of light and consisted largely of views of everyday middle-class life in the city and countryside of France.
landscape (n)
an image representing a portion of the natural scenery, usually from a distant viewpoint
marine (adj)
of or pertaining to the sea
motif (n)
a distinctive and often repeated pattern or image in a work of art
optical (adj)
of or pertaining to sight or vision; visual
orthogonal line (n)
in linear perspective, a diagonal line drawn to a vanishing point
palette (n)
the range of colors used by a particular artist or in a particular work
panorama (n)
an extended landscape or other scene, often displayed as an unobstructed view in every direction. Panoramas were a popular art form in the 19th century.
perspective (n)
scientific method used by artists to represent three-dimensional objects on two-dimensional surfaces. Linear perspective uses vanishing points and orthogonals to make objects seem as if they are receding in space. Some maintain that a crude form of linear perspective was introduced by the Romans, refined by Islamic artists in the middle ages, and rediscovered by Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi in the 15th century.
Pointillism (n)
a theory and technique of applying small strokes or dots of color to a surface so that from a distance, they blend together; also called Neoimpressionism or Divisionism
Post-Impressionism (n)/ Post-Impressionist (adj)
the French artistic style that followed Impressionism. Such artists as Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh,Paul Gauguin, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec pushed beyond the Impressionist emphasis on the appearance of nature, stressing instead qualities such as emotional expression and the formal structure of underlying objects. Post-Impressionism led to a variety of bold new styles, including innovative uses of color and brushwork that sometimes bordered on abstraction.
Salon (n)
official exhibition of art sponsored by the Academy of Fine Arts in France and held almost once every year from the 17th through the 19th centuries. Until challenged by the Impressionist exhibitions beginning in 1874, the Salon was the main venue for artists to exhibit their work, receive recognition, and make sales.
Salon des Refusés (Salon of the Refused) (n)
the 1863 art exhibition held in Paris by order of Napoleon III for artists whose work had been rejected by the official Salon
scale (n)
the relative size of one object in relation to another object
still life (n)
a depiction of a group of inanimate objects, such as flowers or fruit, usually arranged by an artist
style (n)
a distinctive manner of expression (as in writing, speech, or art)
vanishing point (n)
in perspective, the point at which receding parallel lines appear to converge. The vanishing point is often on the horizon line.
woodblock print (n)
a print made from a block of wood that has been engraved, inked, and printed
http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/exhibitions/Impressionism/Glossary#Impressionism
RESOURCES
ART HISTORY GLOSSARY
https://noma.org/uploads/Glossary_with_images-1419286964.pdf
Advanced Art Student Glossary of Art Terms