Syria
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In Syrian President Bashar al-Assad began a brutal crackdown on growing peaceful protests. Government forces and affiliated militia have committed murder, torture, rape, forcible displacement, enforced disappearance and other inhumane acts.
By July, army defectors had loosely organized the Free Syrian Army and many civilian Syrians took up arms to join the opposition. Divisions between secular and Islamist fighters, and between ethnic groups, continue to complicate the politics of the conflict.
The U.N. estimates that over 7.2 million people are internally displaced — an increase of more than three million in just a year. When you also consider refugees, more than two-thirds of the country’s pre-war population of 23 million is need urgent humanitarian assistance, whether they still remain in the country or have escaped across the borders.