Stoich project
James Chow 7th Period
What is stoichiometry
Example reaction and information
Balanced equation: 2KCl(aq) + 3O2(g) = 2KClO3(aq)
Reaction type: synthesis
IUPAC Names
KCl: Potassium chloride
O2: Oxygen
KClO3: Potassium chlorate
Molar Masses
Potassium chloride: 74.551 g/mol
Oxygen: 31.98 g/mol
Potassium chlorate: 122.548 g/mol
Proof of reaction
Mole to mole conversions
For example, we have 5.6 moles of KCl and we want to convert it to KClO3. Both of them have a coefficient of 2, so the ratio is 2 to 2. Therefore, KClO3 also has 5.6 moles.
Mass to mass conversions
For example, you have 12.1 grams of KCl and you wish to convert it to KClO3. To solve this, you would divide 12.1 by 74.551, which is the molar mass. Once again the ratio is 2 to 2, so the number stays the same. You now finally multiply by 122.548, which is the molar mass of KClO3. Therefore, the answer is 19.89 grams of KClO3
Limiting and excess reactant
For example, you have 12.3 grams of KCl and O2. After working out the mass to mass conversion, KCl can produce 20.219 grams of KClO3 while O2 can produce 31.404 grams of KClO3. Therefore, KCl is the limiting reactant because it can produce less, and O2 is the excess reactant because it can produce more than KCl can.
Theoretical and percent yield
For example, the theoretical yield from the last question is 20.219 grams because you only have enough grams of KCl to produce that much. Even though O2 is capable of producing 31.404, KCl cant produce that much, so the answer will be the 21.219.
Now, lets say your actual yield is 17.359. 17.359 divided by 21.219 x 100 = 85.854. 85.854% is your percent yield.