Acidification Quiz Study Guide
Test: 3/16/15
Acid Rain
-CO2
-Sulfur dioxide
-Hydrogen chloride
All create an acidic solution
-Carbonic acid--> dissolved CO2
Sulfur dioxide--> "acid rain"
-Volcanoes
-Industrial pollution
(Acid rain kills forests, pollute water (river, lake, pond))
Limestone/Sinkholes
- Porous (holds water)
- Soft
- Soluble in water (carbonic acid)
Florida sinkholes occur because:
- lots of limestone
- water underground (aquifer)
- once covered with ocean --> soft calcium deposits (dead animals)
Sulfuric Acid
-discovered in 8th Century by Alchemist --> Alchemy "Chemistry"
Uses
- Lead acid batteries (cars)
- Fertilizers
- Steel industry --> prevents rust corrosion
- Dried fruit production (hydrotropic)
Two Gases Post-Lab
CO2 is a dense gas, so it sinks
Upright test tube is filled with CO2--> gas can't escape
Inverted test tube is filled with air--> gas escapes
Magnesium and Acid
Hydrogen (H) is a light gas, so it rises
Upright test is filled with air--> gas escapes
Inverted test tube is filled with hydrogen --> the gas cannot escape
"Pop"
- Gas is ignited and rushes out of test tube. Rubs against glass and causes friction (sound)
Experimental Errors
- Not waiting 30 seconds
- Unstopper before inverting
- Break surface of water with the test tube
- Don't collect full test tube of gas
- Air bubble in test tube
- Stoppers not tight
- Not keeping test tubes vertical
Phenol Red
-red: basic
-clear: acidic
Acidification Post-Lab
-CO2 turns to carbonic acid lowering the pH of the water
-Calcium tablet is more soluble in cup with straw because the carbonic acid lowers pH and dissolves calcium faster
Experimental Errors
- Not enough phenol red
- Don't bubble water long enough
- 2 cups don't have same amount of water (put CO2 into both cups)
- Lose water when using straw
Ocean Acidification
Ocean's pH has decreased 0.1
Normal ocean pH in which fish and other animals are healthy: 8.0-8.4
About 25% drop in pH
Lower pH will cause shelled animals (shrimp, mollusks, etc.)