Organic Chemistry
Honors Biology pd. 5/6 Taylor Socki Alana Beam Tori Whitney
Basic Vocabulary
monomer - subunits of macromolecules
cellulose - makes up cell walls
glycogen - storage form of glucose in the liver
triglyceride - 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol (pitchfork shaped)
starch - storage form of glucose in plants
primary level of protein - sequence of amino acids form a polypeptide chain
secondary level of protein - H bonds between 2 amino acids cause a helix to form
tertiary level of protein - helix folds due to bonding of R groups
peptide bond - joins 2 amino acids
polymer - chains of monomers
Disaccharide - 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration
Polysaccharide - long chain of monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
A. Monomer- monosaccharide- one sugar
ex. glucose, ribose, or deoxyribose- helps compose DNA in the body
B. Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction
C. Polysaccharides- long chains of monosaccharides (many sugars)
1. Starch- storage from glucose in plants
2. Glycogen- storage from glucose in the liver (animals)
3. Cellulose and chitin- make up cell walls (exoskeletons and in cell walls)
Lipids
*below is an image of the formation and breakdown of a fat
Proteins
Parts of amino acids:
Amino group (NH2)
acid (carboxyl group)- COOH
R group
Peptide bond (joins 2 amino acids)