Attributes of Reading
What foundational skills do students need to master reading?
Kindergarten Skills
- Kindergartners need to have print awareness, including directionality, parts of a book, functions of the parts of a book, alphabet recognition, tracking, and word recognition.
- They need to have phonological and phonemic awareness.
- They need to have phonics skills, including encoding and decoding.
First Grade Skills
- First graders should be able to know and use text features.
- They should be able to make connections.
- They should be able to identify an author's purpose for writing.
Second Grade Skills
- Second graders should be able to identify the who, what, where, when, and why of a story.
- In multiparagraph writing, they should be able to identify the purpose of the writing, and the main topic.
Third Grade Skills
- Third graders should be able to answer text-dependent questions, including what-if questions.
- They should be able to identify the point of view.
- They should be able to compare two texts.
- Third graders should be able to understand longer words in both fiction chapter books, and nonfiction texts.
Fourth Grade Skills
- Fourth graders should be able to make inferences, and understand the difference in explicit texts.
- They should be able to identify cause and effect, and summarize a text.
- By fourth grade, students should be able to decode automatically, allowing them to focus on meaning.
- They should also be able to identify 1st person and 2nd person point of view, and compare the two.
Fifth Grade Skills
- Fifth graders should be able to analyze multiple accounts of the same event, and compare and contrast the two.
- They should be able to quote accurately, and draw on information to answer questions correctly.
- They should be able to integrate information from several texts on the same topic.
- Fifth graders should be able to identify literal and figurative language, like similes and metaphors, or personification.
References
Core Knowledge Sequence: Content and Skills Guidelines for Grades K-8. (2010, January 1). Retrieved April 21, 2015, from http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mimik_uploads/documents/480/CKFSequence_Rev.pdf
(n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2015, from https://www.longview.k12.wa.us/student learning/Reading/Critical Attributes of Primary Reading.pdf
Read the Standards. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2015, from http://www.corestandards.org/read-the-standards/
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(n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2015, from https://www.longview.k12.wa.us/student learning/Reading/Critical Attributes of Primary Reading.pdf