The Brain*
*And its electrical counterpart
The Processor
This mimics the brain, except while the brain can calculate at 1,680 GHz, this can process at approximately 1.4GHz, and is much slower. This provides all the functions of the computer and is a control system.
The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The instructions are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.
The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction (which is represented by a number or sequence of numbers) from program memory. The location in program memory is determined by a program counter (PC), which stores a number that identifies the current position in the program. After an instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction word in terms of memory units.[c] Often, the instruction to be fetched must be retrieved from relatively slow memory, causing the CPU to stall while waiting for the instruction to be returned. This issue is largely addressed in modern processors by caches and pipeline architectures.
MOS Technology 6502
A microprocessor in a dual in-line package, an extremely popular 8-bit design.
A Brain
(Not really much likeness there)