Mining & Fracking
Carly and Avery
Surface
A type of mining where the soil and rock on top are removed.
Differences: More direct. Sediments are deposited closer to the top.
Strip Mining: Scraping away earth to get to the coal that is near the surface,
Destroys landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats
http://www.ask.com/science/subsurface-mining-79b7899edbd56
http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/coal/Mining-impacts/
Subsurface
Mining by drilling beneath layers of rock and soil.
Differences: Moore difficult to reach from the surface. Sediments deposited further away from the surface.
Examples: Horizontal Tunnel and Vertical tunnels
Produce large amounts of hazardous acid drainage that can leak into streams and rivers.
http://www.ask.com/science/subsurface-mining-79b7899edbd56
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/ecological-effects-of-subsurface-mining.html
http://www.chacha.com/question/what-are-the-three-major-types-of-sub%26%2345%3Bsurface-mining
Fracking
The process of injecting liquids into the earth at a high pressure to crack open the ground to get to the fuels.
Effects: Toxins come into contact with ground water polluting the water.