Origin of Evolution
Roberta De Leon
Growth in Numbers
Competition
Resources in any ecosystem are limited, which serves as a population control factor and prevents overpopulation in most species in the world, but this means that animals must compete with each other in order to survive. Biologists typically recognize two types of competition: interference and exploitative competition. During interference competition, organisms interact directly by fighting for scarce resources. For example, large aphids (insects) defend feeding sites on cottonwood leaves by kicking and shoving smaller aphids from better sites. In contrast, during exploitative competition, organisms interact indirectly by consuming scarce resources. For example, plants consume nitrogen by absorbing it into their roots, making nitrogen unavailable to nearby plants. Plants that produce many roots typically reduce soil nitrogen to very low levels, eventually killing neighboring plants.
Genetic Variation
Natural Selection
Bibliography
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