SIGMUND FREUD
Sravika Kayithi
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
THEORIES
Psychoanalysis
Emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind.
Id - centered around primal impulses, pleasures, desires, unchecked urges and wish fulfillment.
Ego - concerned with the conscious, the rational, the moral and the self-aware aspect of the mind.
Superego - the censor for the id, which is also responsible for enforcing the moral codes of the ego.
Psychosexual development theories
Oral stage - Anal stage - Phallic stage - Latency stage - Genital stage.
Dream theories
1. Displacement
This occurs when the desire for one thing or person is symbolized by something or someone else.
2. Projection
This happens when the dreamer propels their own desires and wants onto another person.
3. Symbolization
This is characterized when the dreamer's repressed urges or suppressed desires are acted out metaphorically.
4. Condensation
This is the process in which the dreamer hides their feelings or urges by contracting it or underplaying it into a brief dream image or event. Thus the meaning of this dream imagery may not be apparent or obvious.
5. Rationalization
This is regarded as the final stage of dreamwork. The dreaming mind organizes an incoherent dream into one that is more comprehensible and logical. This is also known as secondary revision.
Defense mechanisms and ego anxiety
Frued identified three types of anxiety:
- Neurotic anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior.
- Reality anxiety is fear of real-world events. The cause of this anxiety is usually easily identified. For example, a person might fear receiving a dog bite when they are near a menacing dog. The most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object.
- Moral anxiety involves a fear of violating our own moral principles.