Chapter 8 Review
Hinduism in India
Section 8.1 Summary
Vocabulary
• Language - sanskrit
• Vedas - holy rituals
• Brahmans - Priest: study and teach vedas, religious ceremonies, ensure welfare of people
• Kshatriyas - Warriors/Rulers: Study Vedas, lead government, head of army
• Sudras - Unskilled Laborers, Servants: serve other varnas
• Pariahs - slaves: perform tasks considered unclean, lived outside the cities (untouchables, outcastes)
• Dharma - duties of each male in each varna
• Mahabharata - epic poem that outlines one must do their duty no matter what
• Upanishads - religious writings from 800-400 BC
• Brahman Nerguna - everything has a soul (gods, humans, animals) that are apart of the universal spirit
• Reincarnation - rebirth of the soul
• Ahisma - nonviolence towards all living things
• Moksha - release from the pain of rebirth, complete oneness with Brahman Nerguna
Mahabharata an epic poem
Section 8.2 Summary
Spread of Buddhism began from the Buddha spent 40 years teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. After his death, monks spread throughout Asia
Vocabulary
• Nirvana - freedom from rebirth
• Stupas - large stone mounds over the bones of holy people
• Theravada - S/SE Asia, regards Buddha as a teacher
• Mahayana - China, Korea, Japan; Buddha as a divine being and savior
Section 8.3 Summary
Vocabulary
• Golden Age - Chandragupta I ruled for more than 200 years
• Rock Edicts - laws written on stones throughout empire in local languages