History of Space Exploration
<Mariner Missions>
<Mariner 2>
It was success fully launched in August 27th, 1962. Sending it to Venus for 3 and 1/2 months. It measured first time solar wind. It was not outfitted with camera.
Grand Explorations: Mariner 2 - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
<Mariner 3>
It was 260 kg solar cell and battery powered spacecraft. It was designed to take a photograph of the Mars. Johney of least 8 months.
<mariner 4&5>
It was launchedMariner 4 was the first spacecraft to obtain and transmit close range pictures of Mars. Mariner 5 went Venus, instead of Mars. Mariner 5 came back with Venus' atmosphere.
<mariner 6&7>
Mariner 6 was launched Fabruary 24th, 1969. And Mariner 7 was launched in March 27th, 1969. Those two are the identical spacecraft (made out of same thing). They brought 143 picture of Mars.
Mariner 6&7
<Mariner 8&9>
They were identical spacecrafts like 6&7. Mariner 8 got lost in a launch vehicle failure.9 was launched on May, 1971, designed to map the Martian surface.
<mariner 10>
It was launched on Nov. 3, 1973.It was first use a gravity assist trajectory. And it was olso first spacecraft to encounter two planets at close range.
<Mariner 11&12 Plan>
Mariner 11 and 12 are planned to go Jupiter and Saturn. Mariner 11 got new name, "Voyager 1". And Mariner 12 olso got new name "Voyager 2".