IPS Exam Study Guide
Wednesday 19th, and Thursday 20th of December 2012
Study Guide Explanation:
Lab Safety
Goggles must be kept ON YOUR FACE until Mr. Leeds says to put them away
Report ALL accidents/spills to Mr. Leeds immediately
Always use common sense
In Case of Emergency:
Nurse Extension: 2828
Safety Equipment in Classroom:
Fire extinguisher
Fire Blanket
Eye wash/shower
Chemicals:
Never taste chemicals
Always waft liquids, however NEVER waft solids
Avoid touching chemicals
Always wash hands with soap and water after lab
Glass:
Hot and Cold glass are the same so be careful
Alcohol Burners:
Roll up sleeves and never walk away from the lit burners.
Never point open end of hot test tube at anyone!
Scientific Method
2- Gather information
3- Form hypothesis/theory
4- Perform experiment
5- Analyze data
6- Conclusion
CHAPTER 1
Chapter One Vocabulary
Inference- a conclusion based upon known observations
Hypothesis- a proposed solution to a scientific problem
Control Group- the group that is standard for comparison in any experiment
Experimental Group- the group receiving the variable being tested
Control Factors- the variables that are held constant. They are the same for both the control group and the experimental group.
Indicator- a substance used to show the presence of another substance
Volume- amount of space something occupies
Volume Displacement Technique- quick way to find volume of irregular object
Mass- the amount of matter in a substance
Meniscus- curved portion when reading from a cylinder
Reaction in a Bag Lab
Remember that we had the two substances separated. Not together.
Substance A and both liquids make the reaction hot.
Substance B and red liquids make reaction cold.
Errors: Hole in bag
Heating Baking Soda Lab
Errors: Hole in tubing, Air bubbles don't really matter. Stopper not on tight.
Post Lab Notes from Heating Baking Soda
Displacement of Water Lab
Errors: Dropping the rock and the water splashing would cause a smaller volume for the rock.
Single Pan Balance Lab + Histograms
Errors: Not cleaning the pan and zeroing the balance.
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Conservation of Mass- In all changes, mass is exactly conserved, provided nothing is added or allowed to escape. Must be a closed system. Not true for volume.
Laws of Nature- Guessed generalizations based on many experiments. Can be adjusted when necessary to account for any changes in the limitation of a law.
Mass of Dissolved Salt Lab
Errors: Allowing water to evaporate or spilling salt when putting cap on.
Mass of Ice and Water
Errors: Shaking the canister and allowing the water to evaporate, also not wiping off condensation.
Mass of Copper and Sulfur Lab
Errors: Not putting latex on securely, and a hole in the latex.
Alka Seltzer Tablet and Water Lab
Errors: Allowing gas to escape and getting a smaller mass.
CHAPTER 3
Chapter Three Vocabulary
Plateau- The flat portion of the graph. Indicates no change in the dependent variable. (Y- Axis)
Phase Diagram- A graph that shows the changes in state of matter for any substance. It represents physical changes in substance.
Barometer- Used to measure atmospheric air pressure. Contains a column of mercury and a metric scale in a sealed container.
Barometric Pressure- air pressure generated y the atmosphere.
Density- Mass per unit volume of any substance. Unit of measure (g/cm3)
Mass and Volume Lab
Errors: Re-massing the same cylinder, or doing volume first.
Mass and Volume Notes
2- The mass of an object will double if its volume doubles.
3- Objects that have the same volumes but are made of different substances will not have the same mass.
Density and Functions
Remember labels are key in function charts. Listen to the words carefully and then label. Make sure that you are not making a careless mistake by making the line diagonal instead of straight, or vise versa.
Density of Solids Lab
Errors: Do volume first and mix up the cubes, measuring volume incorrectly, and dropping the rock into the cylinder and loosing water.
Density of Liquids Lab
Errors: Transferring the substances and loosing volume which would increase your density.
Density of Gas Lab
Errors: So many errors in this lab. Letting gas escape. Air bubbles in bottle, hand not being tightly sealed on when lifting the bottle.