Growth of Patriotism & Nationalism
Cultural Nationalism
Literary works such as Webster's New American Dictionary as well as North American Review were published in the early years after the war. Additionally, Knickerbocker School authors began to emerge, including Washington Irving, author of The Sketch Book, James Fenimore Cooper, author of The Spy, and William Cullen Bryant, author of Thanatopsis. James Fenimore Cooper includes themes that explore the context between 'natural men' of the American wilderness v artificial men of the 'civilized' world.
Influences of Art
Artists during this time period that arose during the growth of nationalism included the Hudson River School artists. They were American landscape artists and romanticized images of the American West. Artists included Frederic Edwin Church, Albert Bierstadt, and Thomas Cole.
Frederic Edwin Church
Student of Thomas Cole, best known for painting large panoramic landscapes, in later years, he painted European and Middle Eastern cityscapes.
Albert Bierstadt
German-American, best known for his large, detailed landscapes of the American West.
Thomas Cole
Known as the founder of the Hudson River School, painted scenes near his home in New York.
Marshall's Decisions in Supreme Court: Strong Federal Government
Marbury vs. Madison: Judicial Review
Fletcher vs. Peck: States cannot override contracts
McCulloch vs. Maryland: National bank is constitutional, upholds "loose construction"
Cohens vs. Virginia: Judicial Review applies to state court decisions as well
Gibbons vs. Ogden: Only federal government can regulate interstate trade
Terms of the Monroe Doctrine
1. Any attempts of European nations to colonize or interfere with land in the Americas would be viewed as aggression and would require the involvement of the United States' government
2. U.S. promised not to interfere with internal concerns of countries in Europe
3. No other nation could form a colony in the Western Hemisphere
The Louisiana Purchase greatly increases the nationalism felt amongst American citizens.
- Gave the nation more territory, the size of America was literally doubled.
- Agriculture, trade, and exploration increased.
- No longer had to depend on Spain for trade and issues with France were solved.
Federalist Style Architecture
Country houses were elegant and stylish, reflecting back to the wealth of the U.S. as a whole. Farm houses (Dutch houses) consisted of a one-story, rectangular appearance. Rural architecture "reflected turmoil with a radical confrontational style."
War of 1812
1. The "Star-Spangled Banner" was written as a result of a British attack on Fort Henry.
2. The Battle of New Orleans greatly boosted morale and considered Andrew Jackson a war hero
3. The war stimulated manufacturing.