Chemistry of Life
Russell Newman
Water World
Water is made up of two elements, Hydrogen and oxygen . Its chemical formula is H2O.Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a single oxygen atom.The existence of water is essential for life on Earth.Water has three different states, liquid, solid and gas.The word water usually refers to water in its liquid state. The solid state of water is known as ice while the gas state of water is known as steam or water vapor.Water covers around 70% of the Earth’s surface.
Ocean tides are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun acting on ocean water.Water from a sea or ocean is known as seawater. On average, every kilogram (2.2lb) of seawater contains around 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salt.
Introduction of Macromolecules
There are four classes of macromolecules that constitute all living matter: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. While they have different structures and functions, they are all composed of long complex chains of molecules (polymers) made up of simpler, smaller subunits (monomers). They are joined together in a process known as dehydration synthesis, in which a covalent bond is formed between two monomers by releasing a water molecule. Organic Macromolecules are made up with Carbon, made up with Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen. 3 types of Nucleic Acids: DNA,ATP,RNA.Together, these macromolecules are responsible for all of life's many processes.
Effects of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are energy-providing nutrients. The body receives 4 calories per 1 gram of carbohydrates consumed. Carbohydrates are separated into simple carbohydrates ,sugar complex carbohydrates fiber and starch.