Immune System and others
(iˈmyo͞on)
State the function of the system
Define pathogen, active immunity, passive immunity, antigen, and antibody.
Active Immunity- active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response
Passive Immunity- passive immunity is a short-term immunization by the injection of antibodies
Antigen- any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it
Antibody- used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects
Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses
Explain at least 1 major disorder that occurs within this system and HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS- chronic immune system disease caused by HIV, loss of appetite, fever, night sweats, malaise, Darunavir (Prezista), Amprenavir (Lexiva), Ritonavir (Norvir)
Endocrine System
State the function of the system.
Define homeostasis and explain its role in the endocrine system.
Explain a negative feedback mechanism and provide an example (in the body).
Negative Feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function, like body temperature, and blood pressure
Explain Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes
Type II: chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar, Symptoms: fatigue, excessive hunger, or increased thirst, Treatment: Glyburide (Micronase), Glipizide/metformin, Metformin/pioglitazone, Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Sources via
ibguides.com
Skeletal System
State the function of the system
State the roles of bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and nerves in human movement
Ligaments- Most important job is to prevent body movement that could damage a joint
Muscles- Role of the muscles is to give us strength
Tendons- work together with muscles to move bones
Nerves- they transmit the instructions to move the body or part of the body as the brain says to
Name 2 disorders
Bone Cancer- Damages the stem cells, and may come up as a second form of cancer, such as prostate
Muscular System
State the function of the system
Draw and describe the 3 types of muscle tissue
Cardiac- Exists only in your heart
Skeletal- Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilises joints and generates heat
Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a sarcomere, including Z lines,actin filaments, myosin filaments with heads, and the light and dark bands.
Explain how skeletal muscle contracts, including the release of calcium ions from the sarco plasmic reticulum, the formation of cross-bridges, the sliding of actin and myosin filaments and the use of ATP.
2 major disorders
Dermatomyositis- which is polymyositis accompanied by a skin rash
Nervous System
Function of system
Define central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and list the major parts of each
PNS- Its divided into to parts
Draw and label a diagram of a simple reflex arc and explain its elements
Label and describe the functions of the major regions of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum
Diencephalon- Gives rise to posterior forebrain structures.
Brain stem- holds the brain in place
Cerebellum- Like the motor of the brain
2 major disorders
Alzheimer's- Basically, where you start forgetting things and people, no cure, but symptoms are memory loss, judgement and thinking
Reproductive System
State function
Briefly describe the basic process of spermatogenesis
Briefly describe the basic processes involved in oogenesis. Why is there an unequal division of cytoplasm?
2 major disorders
HPV- A disease that is transferred through sexual activity with an infected partner