Temperance makes the difference
Who? What? When ? where and why? (AKA SUMMARY)
Temperance is a movement that begin in the 1800's in the period following the American revolution. During this period many American drank to excess, because of the economic and social problems that occurred as a result of rapid inflation. To elaborate further, before the Industrial revolution, the society structured was "life on a happy farm" with family and such but afterwords there was a transition to "horrible factory life" and so to cope many men turned to alcohol to cope with hard physical labor and then that's when all the problems arrived such as a decrease in work activity, increase in work related accidents and family issues
What societal problems motivated the reform movement?
The movement's ranks were mostly filled by women who, with their children, had endured the effects of unbridled drinking by men and husbands. In fact, alcohol was blamed for many of society's demerits, among them severe health problems, destitution and crime. At first, they used moral suasion to address the problem.
- In the 1800's drinking was considered a custom
- The availability due to the cheap price of alcohol
- The temperance movement needed to happen because the heavy drinking of Americans lead to decreased labor efficiency.
- Because of work in the factories and with machinery many Americans would go to work drunk. People accustomed to hard physical labor often drank when working—indeed it was often customary to pay workers with drink as well as money.
- In many parts of the country few drinks existed that did not contain alcohol, and it was often considered healthier to drink fermented and distilled beverages than water, which was often contaminated.
- Many American workers would go to work drunk and this raised the risk of having an accidents while using the machinery.
- Drunkenness ruined families, spiritual welfare, and the safety of women and children.
- The temperance movement needed to happen so that these problems could be assuaged and or resolved
Goals and objectives of the movement
Beginning in the early 1800s the movement's goal was to just make people make people temperate in their drinking—that is to make them drink less.
But by the 1820s the movement started to advocate for the total abstinence of all alcohol—that is to urge people to stop drinking completely. The movement was also influential in passing laws that prohibited the sale of liquor in several states.
Religion played a part as well for they wanted people to become more Godly and practice better and personal habits.
Though the main goal was to stop the problems that were happening when people were under the influence of alcohol.
But by the 1820s the movement started to advocate for the total abstinence of all alcohol—that is to urge people to stop drinking completely. The movement was also influential in passing laws that prohibited the sale of liquor in several states.
Religion played a part as well for they wanted people to become more Godly and practice better and personal habits.
Though the main goal was to stop the problems that were happening when people were under the influence of alcohol.
Tactics/Strategies used
- Reformers established groups and associations to make people pledge against heavy drinking.
- Organizations were set up to protect children from abusive parents.
- Powerful lectures were spoken for temperance and informing people why drinking was influencing people poorly.
- The Temperance Reform Movements greatest strategy was to gain international cooperation from moral suasion (which is to persuade one by appealing to the morality of one)
- Their strategy went from trying to get social support from Americans to trying to aggravate the government to control liquor. They did this by using politics, education, newspapers, art and social tactics.
Feature of a Key people involved involved
- 1849 Amelia Bloomer begins publication of The Lily, the first news paper edited by a woman.
- 1852 Stanton and Anthony found the New York State Women's Temperance Society.
- 1854 Gerrit Smith advocates the Temperance cause as the only Abolitionist Member of the U.S. Congress.
- Susan B. Anthony, Frances F. Willard, and Cary A Nation were known for regulating drinking by government, instruction of alcohol in schools, and studying alcoholism.
T.S Arthur
wrote a novel called “Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There.”It was written in 1854. It described a once happy village was ruined by Sam Slade’s tavern and drinking.
John B. Gough
A temperance reformer and lecturer who delivered some 9,000 lectures to more than nine million people throughout the United States and Europe. He was credited with inspiring 200,000 people to sign “the pledge” to stop drinking.
Neal S. dow
The mayor of Portland and he sponsored the Maine Law of 1851 and known as father of prohibition
SUCCESS
- Temperance Movement sponsored many state prohibition laws in late 1800's.
- The Anti-Saloon League gathered large support and worked peacefully with major political parties to help achieve the goal in abstinence of alcohol.
- By 1912, Southern U.S. passed laws to make South "legally dry," or alcohol-free
The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constituion (1920)
- Stated that the making/consumption/selling of alcohol is prohibited in the United States.
Key Events
By the early 20th century, the liquor industry, like other industries, had extended its control. In many cities, saloons and taverns were controlled or owned by liquor companies. The growing presence of women in the political sphere, was accompanied by and reinforced by the belief that women had a special role in preserving families and health and thus to work to end liquor consumption, manufacture and sale. The Progressive movement often took the side of temperance and prohibition.
- 1773John Wesley, founder of Methodism, preached that drinking alcohol was sinful.
- 1813Connecticut Society for the Reformation of Morals founded.
- Massachusetts Society for the Suppression of Intemperance founded.
- 1820sThe consumption of alcohol in the U.S. was 7 gallons per capita per year.
- 1826Boston area ministers founded the American Temperance Society (ATS).
- 1831American Temperance Society had 2,220 local chapters and 170,000 members.
- 1833American Temperance Union (ATU) founded, merging two existing national temperance organizations.
- 1834American Temperance Society had 5,000 local chapters, and 1 million members.
- 1838Massachusetts prohibited sale of alcohol in amounts less than 15 gallons.
- 1839September 28: Frances Willard born.
- 1840Consumption of alcohol in the U.S. had been lowered to 3 gallons of alcohol per year per capita.
- Massachusetts repealed its 1838 prohibition law but permitted local option.
- Washington Temperance Society founded in Baltimore on April 2, named for the first U.S. president. Its members were reformed heavy drinkers from the working class who "took the pledge" to abstain from alcohol, and the movement to establish local Washington Temperance Societies was called the Washingtonian movement.
- 1842 John B. Gough "took the pledge" and began lecturing against drinking, becoming a major orator for the movement.
- Washington Society publicized that they had inspired 600,000 abstinence pledges.
- 1843 Washington Societies had mostly disappeared.
- 1845 Maine passed statewide prohibition; other states followed with what were called "Maine laws."
- In Massachusetts, under the 1840 local option law, 100 towns had local prohibition laws.
- 1846 November 25: Carrie Nation (or Carry) born in Kentucky: future prohibition activist whose method was vandalism.
- 1850 Consumption of alcohol in the U.S. had been lowered to 2 gallons of alcohol per year per capita.
- 1851 Maine prohibited the sale or making of any alcoholic beverage.
- 1855 of the 40 states had prohibition laws.
- 1867 Carrie (or Carry) Amelia Moore married Dr. Charles Gloyd; he died in 1869 of the effects of alcoholism. Her second marriage was in 1874, to David A. Nation, a minister and attorney.
- 1869 National Prohibition Party founded.
- 1872 National Prohibition Party nominated James Black (Pennsylvania) for President; he received 2,100 votes
- 1873 December 23: Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) organized.
- 1874 Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) officially founded at its Cleveland national convention. Annie Wittenmyer elected president, and advocated focusing on the single issue of prohibition.
- 1876 World's Women's Christian Temperance Union founded.
- National Prohibition Party nominated Green Clay Smith (Kentucky) for President; he received 6,743 votes
- 1879Frances Willard became president of the WCTU. She led the organization in being active in working for a living wage, the 8-hour day, women's suffrage, peace and other issues.
- 1880 National Prohibition Party nominated Neal Dow (Maine) for President; he received 9,674 votes
- 1881WCTU membership was 22,800.
- 1884 National Prohibition Party nominated John P. St. John (Kansas) for President; he received 147,520 votes.
- 1888 The Supreme Court struck down state prohibition laws if they forbid sale of alcohol that was transported into the state in its original passage, on the basis of the federal power to regulate interstate commerce. Thus, hotels and clubs could sell an unopened bottle of liquor, even if the state banned alcohol sales.
- Frances Willard elected president of the World's WCTU.
- National Prohibition Party nominated Clinton B. Fisk (New Jersey) for President; he received 249,813 votes.
- 1889 Carry Nation and her family moved to Kansas, where she began a chapter of the WCTU and began working to enforce the liquor ban in that state.
- 1891 WCTU membership was 138,377.
- 1892 National Prohibition Party nominated John Bidwell (California) for President; he received 270,770 votes, the largest any of their candidates ever received.
- 1895 American Anti-Saloon League founded. (Some sources date this to 1893)
- 1896 National Prohibition Party nominated Joshua Levering (Maryland) for President; he received 125,072 votes. In a party fight, Charles Bentley of Nebraska was also nominated; he received 19,363 votes.
- 1898 February 17: Frances Willard died. Lillian M. N. Stevens succeeded her as president of the WCTU, serving until 1914.
- 1899 Kansas prohibition advocate, nearly six foot tall Carry Nation, began a 10-year campaign against illegal saloons in Kansas, destroying furniture and liquor containers with an ax while dressed as a Methodist deaconess. She was often jailed; lecture fees and ax sales paid her fines.
- 1900 National Prohibition Party nominated John G. Woolley (Illinois) for President; he received 209,004 votes.
- 1901 WCTU membership was 158,477.
- WCTU took a position against the playing of golf on Sundays.
- 1904 National Prohibition Party nominated Silas C. Swallow (Pennsylvania) for President; he received 258,596 votes.
- 1907 The state constitution of Oklahoma included prohibition.
- 1908 In Massachusetts, 249 towns and 18 cities banned alcohol.
- National Prohibition Party nominated Eugene W. Chapin (Illinois) for President; he received 252,821 votes.
- 1909 There were more saloons than schools, churches or libraries in the United States: one per 300 citizens.
- 1911 WCTU membership was 245,299.
- Carry Nation, prohibition activist who destroyed saloon property from 1900-1910, died. She was buried in Missouri, where the local WCTU erected a tombstone with the epitaph "She hath done what she could."
- 1912 National Prohibition Party nominated Eugene W. Chapin (Illinois) for President; he received 207,972 votes. Woodrow Wilson won the election.
- Congress passed a law overturning the Supreme Court's 1888 ruling, permitting states to forbid all alcohol, even in containers that had been sold in interstate commerce.
- 1914 Anna Adams Gordon became the fourth president of the WCTU, serving until 1925.
- The Anti-Saloon League proposed a constitutional amendment to prohibit the sale of alcohol.
- 1916 Sidney J. Catts elected Florida Governor as a Prohibition Party candidate.
- National Prohibition Party nominated J. Frank Hanly (Indiana) for President; he received 221,030 votes.
- 1917 Wartime prohibition passed. Anti-German feelings transferred to being against beer. Prohibition advocates argued that the liquor industry was an unpatriotic use of resources, especially grain.
- Senate and House passed resolutions with the language of the 18th Amendment, and sent it to the states for ratification.
- 1918 The following states ratified the 18th Amendment: Mississippi, Virginia, Kentucky, North Dakota, South Carolina, Maryland, Montana, Texas, Delaware, South Dakota, Massachusetts, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Florida. Connecticut voted against ratification.
- 1919 january 2 - 16: the following states ratified the 18th Amendment: Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Idaho, Maine, West Virginia, California, Tennessee, Washington, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Alabama, Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, Oregon, North Carolina, Utah, Nebraska, Missouri, Wyoming.
- January 16: 18th Amendment ratified, establishing prohibition as the law of the land. The ratification was certified on January 29.
- January 17 - February 25: although the requisite number of states had already ratified the 18th Amendment, the following states also ratified it: Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Vermond, Pennsylvania. Rhode Island became the second (of two) states to vote against ratification. Congress passed the Volstead Act over President Wilson's veto, establishing procedures and powers to enforce prohibition under the 18th Amendment.
- 1920 January: Prohibition Era began.
- National Prohibition Party nominated Aaron S. Watkins (Ohio) for President; he received 188,685 votes.
- August 26: the 19th Amendment, granting the vote to women, became law. (The Day the Suffrage Battle Was Won
- 1921 WCTU membership was 344,892.
- 1922 Althought the 18th Amendment had already been ratified, New Jersey added its ratification vote on March 9, becoming the 48th of 48 states to take a position on the Amendment, and the 46th state to vote for ratification.
- 1924 National Prohibition Party nominated Herman P. Faris (Missouri) for President, and a woman, Marie C. Brehm (California), for Vice President; they received 54,833 votes.
- 1925 Ella Alexander Boole became president of the WCTU, serving until 1933.
- 1928 National Prohibition Party nominating William F. Varney (New York) for president, narrowly failing to endorse Herbert Hoover instead. Varney received 20,095 votes. Herbert Hoover ran on the party ticket in California, and won 14,394 votes from that party line.
- 1931 Membership in the WCTU was at its peak, 372,355.
- 1932 National Prohibition Party nominated William D. Upshaw (Georgia) for President; he received 81,916 votes.
- 1933 Ida Belle Wise Smith became president of the WCTU, serving until 1944.
21st Amendment passed, repealing the 18th Amendment and prohibition.
Other Movements
Temperance was also important because it connected to many other reform movements that sprang up in the country
People believe the first group to recognize the Temperance Movement as a national influential group was the Order of the Good Templar's, founded in Utica, New York in 1851. Other groups started to follow the Temperance movement such as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1874) and the Anti-Saloon league (1895). They all came together and gathered their political power. Their strategy went from trying to get social support from Americans to trying to aggravate the government to control liquor.
People believe the first group to recognize the Temperance Movement as a national influential group was the Order of the Good Templar's, founded in Utica, New York in 1851. Other groups started to follow the Temperance movement such as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1874) and the Anti-Saloon league (1895). They all came together and gathered their political power. Their strategy went from trying to get social support from Americans to trying to aggravate the government to control liquor.
Why should people contribute money to this reform?
A. Contributing money to this reform will give us a stepping stool at getting the government to band liquor sells for it is a big industry and we need money if we want it shut down.
B. DONATING MONEY COULD SAVE A FAMILY
C. We need money in order to create groups organize rallies and we will be respected and recognized if we have money and that will get people to listen and pay attention to us. Money is a small price to pay for the wellness and goodness of our country.
B. DONATING MONEY COULD SAVE A FAMILY
C. We need money in order to create groups organize rallies and we will be respected and recognized if we have money and that will get people to listen and pay attention to us. Money is a small price to pay for the wellness and goodness of our country.
Incentives
- People who donate a small amount of "money" ( $20 and below) will receive a " I SAVED A FAMILY" t shirt for free.
- people who donate a "fair" amount of money (between $20 and $50 ) will receive a " I SAVED A FAMILY" T shirt, a "TEMPERANCE IS MY DECISION AND IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE" T shirt, as well as their named mentioned on the "Wall of Temperance".
- People who donate a "good" amount of money will receive all three t shirts, there named mentioned and a free bible!!
Advertising!
I will encourage and promote temperance through fashion with cool " I SAVED A FAMILY" and "TEMPERANCE IS MY DECISION AND IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE" t shirts on sale at every store. I will also promote it by using some of the donations my faithful servants of the lord donated to get famous people to sponsor our T shirt and the movement so we can be noticed. I will promote as well by throwing good saved christian dances and parties where t shirts and lots of prizes can be won. All my moves will be posted on social media via twitter and Instagram.
Hashtag & Contact info
#busysavingtheworld
Email: makethechange@temperencemovement.com
Website: www.wall-of-temperence.com
Phone: 1-800-0000
Facebook: facebook.com/Thetemperencemovement
Twitter: @Savetheworld
Disclamer!
Warning: this is an important movement trying to better the lives of Americans if one chooses not to support the movement and help, bad things will be happening that could be prevented by simple support