Teaching STAAR Writing
BLEND Smore
Before Teaching STAAR Writing
#2 - Have students write for different purposes, genres, and topics. You might get writing going strong by using Linda Rief 's 2-minute Quickwrite Strategy. Also refer to the following resource, developed to build Writing Workshop in a Secondary Classroom.
#3 - Establish procedures and expectations for writing time/conferences - These expectations need to explicitly taught and modeled with students to address the following: What does writing time look like? Sound like? What should student behavior be when the teacher is having workshop with a group of students to work on the same skill? What should behavior look like when the teacher is working one-on-one in a writing conference with a student? What should you do when you're "done?" (Hint: Writers are never really done.)
#4 - Build a Writing Culture - call students "writers," give time to publish often (even if it is just select writers sharing one line from their writing at the end of the daily writing block), read each anchor text twice: Once as a reader and once as a writer, looking specifically at author's craft.
Teaching STAAR Writing - A Timeline
1. Understanding the Rubric
Activity: Have students review the TEA essay rubric. Copy the TEA rubric (below) on one side and the blank rubric (below) on the other side. Work with students to read, annotate, and rewrite one row/category in student friendly language on the blank side. Students can also add visuals as needed. Do not try to do the entire rubric at one time - work with one row/category each day, based on what students are working on for that day's lesson (see step 3 below for chunking the days). This activity should take 10-15 minutes total, each day that you review one row, for approximately 8 days.
Teaching Instructions, using Gradual Release:
I DO - Start by modeling with one cell from a row, like "Thesis Statement & Focus/Coherence." Model how to annotate and re-word the rubric so that earning a score "4" is very clear. (5 min)
WE DO - Then, allow students to work with a partner to annotate and re-word a score "3," followed by a quick share out whole class to check understanding. (5 min)
YOU DO - Then give students a few minutes to annotate and re-word Score "2" and "1" on their own. If you want to do a share out again, you can. (5 min)
Suggestions to make the lesson stick: Students should add this re-worded rubric (with the original) in their interactive notebook to reference as they write. You might also want to add this re-worded row from the rubric and the original row from the TEA rubric on your anchor chart about Thesis Statements for easy reference.
Resources:
- Expository One Page Rubric (This is worded exactly from TEA's rubric, but it has been organized into a table so that it fits on one page. Each row has also been given headers to help chunk the teaching of it.
- Persuasive One Pager (Also modified to fit on one page, with row headers)
- Blank Rubric
2. Use Mentor Texts
Activity: Like any other genre of writing, students need to see good examples of expository and/or persuasive writing through real published pieces, as well as exemplary STAAR essays. Be strategic about the exemplary essays or published pieces you choose - have students read it first as a reader, for understanding and the gist of the text, and second - as a writer. Focus on specific skills, author's craft, word choice, and sentence structures to support each student's unique writing needs or struggles.
Teaching Instructions, using Gradual Release:
I DO - Based on the text you chose, you should pre-read to select examples of specific writing traits or elements of author's craft you want to point out to students from the piece. Read the text aloud & allow students time to talk for a few minutes. If students need "prompts" to encourage conversation, consider using Kylene Beers' open-ended questions:
- "What surprised you?"
- "What challenged/changed/confirmed what you know?"
- "What did the author think you already knew?" (This question is really a re-worded "What did you not know/understand?" which sometimes stifles students from sharing.)
After they have had a chance to talk to digest and get the gist of the text, point to the specific words, sentences, or elements of author's craft that you would like them to notice and try using in their own writing.
WE DO - Give students an opportunity to write a sentence using that writing strategy or element of author's craft. You may choose to give them the same sentence stem (especially if the skill was around crafting compound complex sentences, for example) or you may choose to allow them to write from scratch. You might give them a topic or allow them to choose the topic. After students write for a few minutes, have them turn to a partner to check their use of author's craft. Have students share a few examples whole class.
YOU DO - Have students practice using this strategy or technique in their real writing piece, which at this point does not have to be a structured essay - it can simply be in the genre of informative writing, whether that is expository, persuasive, literary nonfiction, or memoir. You may want to have them highlight it a certain color so that when you are doing a writing conference with them, you can easily spot their use of the technique and give feedback.
Resources:
- STAAR Essays that scored 7 or 8 on STAAR - Expository or Persuasive
- Digital Writing Binder of STAAR Essays, sorted by Writing Strategy/Skill - mentor essays
- Real Expository Writing Pieces for a variety of purposes/topics. (Example here: "Essays every HS student should read" or here: "Short English Essays for Students")
3. Chunking the Essay
Activity: For the FIRST STAAR essay, chunk the teaching of the writing on a daily basis, where it is easier for you to grade sections at a time, during writing conference. This will also give you more of an idea for where students (and the class, in general) are struggling before waiting until the essay is complete. In this way, you can address misunderstandings much sooner.
Example for teaching the first expository STAAR essay, which also align to rows/categories from the TEA rubric, as pictured below:
As you teach each of these lessons, construct a 4-square (white image at left below) so that students can use the pieces later as they organize their thinking. The benefit of a 4-square is that you can slowly take pieces away as the STAAR date approaches. For example, try the following timeline:
Week 1: When you first introduce it, have students draw the 4-square and copy all of the provided notes in each square.
Week 2: Instruct students to draw the 4-square and give them the headers and acronyms. See if they can fill in the rest without help.
Week 3: Instruct students to draw the 4-square and only give them the headers. See if they can fill in the acronyms and all the notes.
Week 4: Instruct students to draw the 4-square and see if they can fill in the headers, acronyms, and all notes.
Week 5: Give them a blank paper right before you have them write an essay. (Since we can provide blank papers on STAAR day, if students have practiced writing the steps over a few weeks, they will know what to do with that blank paper.)
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO USE THE EXACT COMPONENTS of the 4-square. Use the idea!
Making these lessons stick: What supports do students need for each step of this writing process? What models or visuals could you design/use? Can you create folders in a crate or on your wall? What could you include in an anchor chart - including the bulleted notes and examples - to support each section of the writing process? Are students including notes in their own words, as well as visuals and examples, after your mini-lesson on each step of the writing process in their interactive notebook? See this smore for ideas to build writing anchor charts.
4. Calibrating/Scoring Essays
Activity: Have students practice scoring model essays, then other students, and eventually their own writing. They should be in the habit of scoring their essay EVERY time they write one. You can also use an OER format to have them justify the score they gave it, using "text evidence" directly from their own essay.
Teaching Instructions, using Gradual Release:
I DO - Display an essay with the rubric. Have students refer back to their annotated rubric as you read over the essay aloud. Pre-read and plan what you will point out in the essay to show alignment to the rubric and to justify its overall score.
WE DO - In groups of 4-5, give students a packet of 4-5 essays that are labeled by letters. Working together, have them score the essays, using the rubric to inform the score they give. Encourage students to disagree and use the rubric to justify the scores they give. When the groups come to consensus, have them write the score on the score card. Give a specific timeframe to work on this (10-15 minutes) and give time reminders throughout so that students know to move on to the next essay, if they haven't already. When the time is up, have groups hold up fingers (1-4, based on what the group scored that essay) as you say the letter of each essay. Then, reveal the results of each essay, pointing out why that was the correct score.
YOU DO - As students write their essays, have them practice this scoring activity periodically with other essay sets so that they are very clear about understanding what it takes to earn a "3." When students complete their own essays, they should have peer conferences where they score a partner's essay. During individual writing conferences, you can see what their peer scored them. This will give you a better understanding of not only which students are writing essays earning a "3" or "4" but also which students (who scored their peers incorrectly) still need your help to understand the rubric.
Resources:
- Essay sets to practice scoring
Follow-up Mini-Lessons can be around the "4" essays - what do students notice about those essays that makes them stand out from the others?
Using Conference Data: Based on individual conferences, keep track of students' understanding of writing techniques and elements of author's craft in a physical log or digitally in an excel. Group students to go to writing centers, based on their needs, and schedule group workshops where you are able to work with them during the daily scheduled writing time on a certain skill. In addition, start making a bullet list of needs and mini-lessons you need to develop and teach as a mini-lesson before the daily scheduled writing time/block. (Here is a blank one you may want to use; my example)
Activity: Have students write at least one 11 min (or less!) essay as once/week or even once/day, especially in the 5th six weeks.
Teaching Instructions:
Have students start with an 11 min essay (using CHELPS for example ideas), which is provided in the resource Gretchen Bernabei's Greatest Hits. After students have practiced the 11 min essay a few times over the course of a few weeks, you can reduce the number of examples so that it becomes a 9 min essay. This is important because most essays that are scored a "3" or "4" have only one well-detailed example or two examples total. It is not recommended to teach students to try to include more than two examples. After teaching Ba-Da-Bing, Pitchforking, and/or Icons (also from Bernabei's Greatest Hits), you can try to have students write a 5 min essay (reducing it to only one example type that they choose based on any of the CHELPS). More information can be found in the PPT linked above.
HOW DO I KNOW WHO TO CONFER WITH???
Use a Status of the Class (SotC) activity to decide what students need to be placed in a collaborative writing group or need a teacher conference. Confer or offer workshops EVERY DAY during the scheduled writing block.
WHAT DOES A WRITING CONFERENCE LOOK LIKE???
As you confer with students (2-5 minutes, depending on the student), even if you notice more than one issue, give them only 1-2 skills to work on at a time so that you don't overwhelm them. Make sure you structure the writing conference as a Constructive Feedback Sandwich: Find something positive ("a hidden gem," according to Katherine Bomer), then something for them to work on, then end with either another positive/gem OR with the student giving their plans for what they are going to do next in their writing. Rather than telling them what is wrong, try to get them to read a section aloud that you're concerned about and see if they can spot the "error" themselves. Lead students to the AHA moment instead of telling them what to fix. Give them time to think through how they can fix it before you offer a suggestion. You may suggest a mentor text (or even sentence) that has an example of what you're wanting them to see/fix.
WHAT IF I CAN'T FIND A "GEM" OR SOMETHING POSITIVE TO SAY???
Read a few sentences aloud slowly, like it is a poem. You also might offer praise on the content and what they're trying to say - their idea, rather than how they've said it.
What do I do with students who score a "3" or "4?" What do they do during writing time???
For students who have finished their essay (and scored a 3 or 4), they still have to write. Allow them to write within a genre, from one topic, or "freewrite." The expectation for daily writing time is to build their writing fluency.
6. Revision
Activity: You may choose to spend a few days working on revising the essay. Encourage students to add depth and specificity to their examples using strategies like Ba-Da-Bings, Icons, or Pitchforking.
Teaching Instructions, using Gradual Release:
I DO - Give students a short review over a specific skill (Refer to the Power Standards and your students' writing to inform what to teach/reinforce.)
WE DO - Use a shuffle activity to have students look for one specific thing at a time. You can do this multiple days in a row to look for different things, but no more than 3 things in one day.
YOU DO - Have students make corrections and/or add writing strategies, based on the writing mini-lesson you gave. Instruct students to highlight, circle, or underline the changes they made so that you can easily see them during writing conferences.
7. Editing
Activity: Follow the exact instructions above for a shuffle activity, but replace it with a grammar skill. (Refer to the Power Standards and your students' writing to inform what to teach/reinforce.) One day is sufficient to work on editing. Other editing issues can be handled in writing workshops, where you have grouped students by need, or individually in one-on-one conferences.
8. Publish/Score
Activity: Students should be in the practice of peer scoring, as well as scoring their own, with justification from the TEA rubric to support the score they gave. You can use students' completed persuasive essays to "debate" different sides of the prompt for a fun publishing opportunity.
Writing Celebrations - Every day after writing block, you can celebrate notable writers (who completed their writing or wrote a large portion) and/or end with an activity called Golden Lines.
*** What does the writing block look like, as part of an IDEAL Day?***
Going through a whole essay from start to finish -
After students have gone through a process essay with you (chunking each day), have them do one essay in a day with an intensive full day of writing instruction/review:
- 5 MINUTES: Start your students writing in general with a strategy like Quickwrites, where you can also model a few golden lines to model writing craft. Quickwrites is great because it helps students think quickly based on a prompt, which is exactly the kind of quick thinking they'll need to do when they see the STAAR prompt.
- 3 MINUTES: Have students create the four square from memory.
- 5 to 9 MINUTES: Do a 5 or 9 minute essay, modified from Bernabei's 11 min essay.
- 5 MINUTES: Add at least one ba-da-bing, one pitchfork, and end with a truism (or other conclusion idea from the 4-square). *Adding a ba-da-bing and pitchfork will ensure that students have sentence variety and show they can craft a complex sentence, both of which are on the TEA rubric.
- 5 MINUTES: Go through the steps of COPPS with them (on the 4-square; it is an Editing Checklist).
- 12 MINUTES: Do three rounds of Revise Shuffle and Edit Shuffle, choosing three of the most missed writing skills/strategies.
- 5 MINUTES: Peer Score
- 25-30 MINUTES: Have writing conferences and workshops based on their needs, which may be determined by the shuffle and/or SOTC, while students revise their writing and/or move on to StIR. This allows you to easily see which students are finished writing. Once they have picked up their book, it is time to have their writing conference and score them.
Erika San Miguel
- Masters from Concordia in Educational Leadership
- 8 years ELA & Reading Teacher
- 3 years Instructional Lead Teacher & Dept Chair
- 2 years Curriculum & Instruction Specialist, AISD
Email: erika.sanmiguel@austinisd.org
Website: teachermaterials.weebly.com
Location: 1111 West 6th Street, Austin, TX, United States
Phone: 512-414-4479
The outlines above are adapted from Gretchen Bernabei.