The Exposure Triangle
Ryne Sanges-Houser (AKA Rhino)
Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is how fast the shutter opens and closes. The faster the shutter speed, the more crisp the photo, but the darker photo is going to be. The slower the shutter speed, the more blurry the photo. You would want a fast shutter speed if you're photographing moving objects.
ISO
ISO is how sensitive your camera is to light. ISO numbers double, so 100, 200, 400 etc. The higher the number, the more sensitive your camera becomes to light. If you have a higher ISO, it also adds noise to the photo.
Aperture
Aperture affects the depth of field, and is how big the opening inside the lens is. The smaller the f/stop number, the bigger the opening. The bigger the f/stop number, the smaller the hole.
White Balance
To have this simply put, white balance just means simply adjusting the colors to where the photo looks more natural. The colors have temperatures, and they are measured in Kelvins.