CANADA 2035
Will it be the best country to live in?
Canada
Changing Populations
Demography
- -Canada's population is at 35, 540, 419 people
- -The death rate in Canada is at 8.31 per 1000 people as of 2014
- -With a really low natural increase as of 2014, Canada stands at 0.4%
- -The dependency load in Canada, currently in 2014, is 31.7%
Fertility rate trend over the course of 40 years
- 1974-1984= dropped by 0.19 (1.84 per woman - 1.65 per woman)
- 1984-1994= increase by 0.02 (1.65 per woman - 1.67 per woman)
- 1994-2004= dropped by 0.14 (1.67 per woman - 1.53 per woman)
- 2004-2014=increased by 0.17 (1.53 per woman - 1.70 per woman)
Being the second largerst country in the world, Canada is still not the second most populated country in the world. Due to colder tempratures in the northern parts of Canada, immigrants and Canadian borns tend to reside in southern parts of Canada. However, this is not so great for our environment, health and lifestyle because this is causing urban sprawl. As more and more people start emigrating or immigrating to these densly populated southern provinces of Canada, their residents start moving out of the cities because of population density, causing urban sprawl. Also, if the emigrants or immigrants move into suburbs, they are only adding on to the negative impacts. Not only this, but the population distribution of Canada is causing problems for the economy as we have a lot of resources up north but no one is willing to go up there and work with those resources to improver our economy.
The fertility rate per woman in Canada has dropped every ten years and then the next ten, it increases. Although, the fertility rate in Canada, as of 2014, isn't as high as it was 40 years ago, for the modern generations of the 21 century, it is at an all new considering at how low the rates were in the previous ten years. Along with an increase in fertility rate, life expectancy in Canada has also increased to 81 years of age. Overall, the death rate in Canada is at 8.31 per 1000 people. This is happening because Canada has been spending a lot more money on its health care at about $2 billion since 2013. With more advanced health care, there are more and better treatments to cure the sick Canadians, which in return, keep people healthier and therefore, they live longer. The Canadian dependency load is not very high because it is at 31.7% and this is because of low immigration rates and life expectancy.
Looking this trend of fertility rate per woman, that has been re-occurring for the past 40 years, dropping every ten years and increasing the next 10, what we can predict is that by 2035 the fertility rates will have increased according to this trend since 2035 is 21 years in the future from now. This tells us that in 2025. the fertility rates per woman will drop and then increase in the next 10 years. Moreover, the increase in the fertility rates will mean an increase in the dependancy load. The dependancy will have increased because of two reasons. First, the rate of children being born in 2035 will increase the dependancy load because they can't take care of themselves for provide for themselves until the age of 14 years. Secondly, in the next 20 years, the working force from 2015, will be coming to their retirement age meaning, more dependancy load. The reason why this is such a big concern is because about 40% of our Canadian population is in the working population, and when they retire, their age group will be a large number becoming the dependancy load. Furthermore, I also belive the life expectancy in Canada will increase to over 85 years of age. I believe this because Canada is putting a lot of money into its health care system and research, that advance as the years go on, and they will have come up with better cures and treatments that will cause people to live longer. I believe that this will happen because Canada has already taken steps towards it as of 2013 by spending $211 billion dollars on its health care. Canada has raised $18.7 million towards the breast cancer research and $650 million for cancer research all over the world. Canada is always improving in its health care system and research and if it continues doing so, the life expectancy will increase too.
Canada receives new immigrants at 28 per hour and 684 per day. We all know that immigrating costs a lot of money and all the money goes to the immigrating country's government. Knowing this , Canada makes $64 657 000 per day due to immigration. Not only does immigration help Canada's community, it also helps the economy. Currently 97% of the Canadian population is made up of immigrants and the descendants of immigrants. In Canada, there are immigrants from all over the world, but most of the immigrant population comes from Asia. This makes 15.3% of the Asian population in Canada. The three top countries that immigrate the most to Canada are the Philippines, India and China.
I predict that Canada's immigration rate will have dropped by 2035 because of low immigration. This could happen since a lot of 3rd world countries that bring in a lot of immigrants to Canada will have started to develop or developed by 2035 because of the new technology. As more countries advance in technology, they advance in economy and have more jobs to offer to their citizens. This is what I predict will happen in China, the Philippines and India. They are starting to develop and that is creating really good jobs for immigrants back home. If the immigrants have good jobs in their own country, it is very unlikely that they will go through all the trouble of immigrating and settling into a new country that is far away from home. Immigration has already started to decrease due to these reasons and if this continues, Canada will have a smaller immigrant population immigrating here every year.
- -Pre-budget submission 2014 (Assembly of First Nations)
- (http://www.afn.ca/uploads/files/afn_pbs_2014.pdf)
- -Don't receive enough money to provide First Nations with good education
- -Many First Nation, Metis and Inuit women are suffering violence. They are still missing or are murdered
- -Fighting to remove the Indian act
I believe that in 2035, the First Nations, Metis and the Inuits will be treated more warmly and equally because of the awareness of their current conditions. More people are learning the truth about what kinds of unfair things the FNMI are suffering from and people have started to help by donating money to improve their living conditions and education. If more people are aware of this and start taking action to stop the discrimination, violence and unfairness towards these three groups, then the FNMI will definitely be treated more warmly and equally. I also predict that the Indian act will be removed by 2035. I believe this because the FNMI are fighting really hard to remove it. They are speaking up once again to do what is right for them. They haven't received what they were promised in the Indian act instead they have started to find their lives a lot more difficult because of the Indian act. The Indian act was there to benefit the FNMI but it hasn't so the people of the FNMI communities are started to stand up to abolish this act and if more and more people start standing up to this, then the government will have to abolish the Indian act. The First Nations, Metis and the Inuits have suffered a lot from the beginning of Canada but I believe that by 2035, if they keep standing up to what is right, they will get what they were promised and treated equally. Since each generation drifts futher away from its true origins, I believe that won't be an issue for this population. This is because desendants of Canadian First Nation, in the 21 century, are still showing off who they truly are. For example, many of the FMNI boys and men still wear long hair even though they get bullied. They show and talk about their culture more than any other Canadian population currently. So, if they can do this in our modern and judgemental society, I don't see why they would stop by 2035.
Interactions in the physical environment
- Winter- the most common temperature in Canada during winter is about -25 degrees-snow
- Summer- the temperature is at the lowest 10 degrees and commonly 30 degrees-most often the summer time in Canada is hot and humid
- Spring-temprature differs from 0 degrees celcius to around 15 degrees celcius
- Fall-physical appearance is red, orange, yellow and brown from the trees and the falling off of them
Factors of the Canadian climates consist of Elevation, altitude, ocean currents, wind direction, latitude.
Latitude: it will get colder as you go further north from the equator. For example, the St.Lawrence region is the clostest region to the equato in Canada, so if you go to Hudson's Bay from there, it will start to get colder. That is because Hudson's Bay is noth of the St.Lawrence region.
Altitude: it gets colder as you climb higher. Altitude affects percipitation when air that has climbed and cooled on it way up to a mountain condenses and falls back to the ground as moisture. This is the windward side hence the action it performs and the leeward side of the mountain is known to have dry air and a lot less precipitaion than the windward side.
Ocean currents: land nearby ocean or other bodies of water is warmed when the ocean currents bring in warm air whereas, the cool air brought to nearby lands by ocean currents cools them.
Wind and air masses: air over bodies of water bring cool or warm air to lands nearby thus, changing the temprature of the land to the temprature of the wind. The air also collects water that falls onto nearby land as precipiation.
Landform Regions
Canadian shield is loacted in the Nothwest territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador. The rocks found in this region are metamorphic rocks, Precambrian igneous rocks.
Western Cordillera is located in British Columbia, Northwest territories, Alberta and Yukon. Metamorphic igneous rocks are found here.
Intuition Mountains are located in Northern Canada, approximatley around Northwest territories and Nunavut. Three types of rocks that are found here are known as metamorphic and igneous rocks and some sedimentary rocks
Arctic and Hudson Bay Lowlands are located between the Canadian shield, Southern shores of Hudson's Bay and the arctic lowlands are located in Northern Canada, Nunavut, and between the Canadian shield and Innuitian regions. Found in these lowlands are sedimentary, volcanic, metamorphic, intrusive and igneous rocks.
Interior plains are located in Southwestern Canada. Sedimentary rocks are found here.
St. Lawrence Lowlands are located in Southern Ontario and Quebec. Sandstone, dolomite, limestone and shale are types of rocks that are found in this region.
Appalachian Mountains are located in some areas of Quebec and New burnswick.
Vegetation zones:
Arctic tundra: plants that are grown here are known to be shrubs and mosses as this region tends to be too cold for the growth of trees.
Deciduous Forest: found only in Southwestern Ontario, the trees in this forest such as maple trees are grown here.
West Coast forest: there is an abundance growth of trees in this particular region due to heavy precipitation and a moderate climates. This region mostly consists of forests with old trees. Located in British Columbia. Trees such as western red ceder, western hemlock, amabilis fir are found in this region.
Boreal forest or Taiga: is the largest vegetation zone in Canada. The plants and trees in this region are able to survive in any weather from cool, short, long summers to long lasting winters. It's located in the Northern Hemisphere, more specifially from the borders of Yukon and Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador. Home to trees coniferous and decidious trees such as black and white spruce, jack pine, tamarack and balsam fir.
Mixed wood Plains- often found right in the middle of northern Boreal forests and southern Decidious forests, this region is known as the shifting zone for the two. The trees that grow here are a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees. Covers Ontario, parts of quebec that line the St.Lawrence river. The climate here is made up of hot summers and cold winters. The temprature is known to be moderate in this region.
Cordillera- stretches from Alaska to the east of the Rocky Mountains. Black spruce, arctic willow, cottongrass, crustose lichens, kobresia, moss species, wood rush, wire rush among other arctic plants are found here.
Grasslands: located in the pararies. Not a lot of trees are found here due to the hot and dry climate of this region. Black and white Spruce, williow trees, lodgepole pine, easten cottonwoodbur oak, trembling aspen, and balsam poplar are found in this region among other plants. This region is most often used for farming.
The amount fossil fuels we are buring is really high and when that goes into the air, it becomes damaging to the atmosphere and also causes the oxeygen to become polluted. When fossil fuels are burnt, they release dangerous chemicals that cause acid rain which leads to the death and deformation of fish. Since ocean fishing is a resouce Canada relys on for its GDP and increase in economy, the death and deformation of the fish is not only going to cause damage to the environment but also loss to the Canadian economy and GDP. Addionally, if this continues, and the acidity of the ocean water increases, what we will be looking at in 2035, is damaging in our fishing resource and horrible economic state. We will also be looking at damaging in resources such as forestry and in our environment because we are cutting down way too many trees which is bad for the environment and if that continues, soon it will become a necessity of ours to think twice about cutting even baby trees down.
Not only this, but the release of green house gases is causing the Canadian climate to become warmer. If we keep on releasing green house gas emissions, by 2035 we will have such a warm climate that instead of having four seasons, we will only have two.This will be a great thing for the Canada's economy and immigrants. The reason for this is because warmer climates attract tourists. For example, people travel to Florida, Cuba and Hawaii among other tropical destinations during the winter to get away from the cold. If Canada's climate gets warmer it will attract more tourists to Canada to spend their winters or even summers, which means they will help increase the economy by vacationg or touring here when they buy things. Moreover, immigration rates might see an increase in 2035 when the climate gets warmer, because I believe that this warmer climate is going to attract people to move here with the knowlege of what great and free health care, longer life expectancy, free education and diverse culture Canada offers. When those immigrants come to Canada, they will help increase the economy by working just as all other immigrants do and have done in the Canadian history. Therefore, I belive that in 2035, the warmer climate due to high releases of green house gas emissions is going to bring the Canadian economy up and increase the immigration rates.
Although, the release of green house gas emission is going to be very dangerous for our enivronment and health in 2035. The reason for this is because the gases are going to cause global warming, which mean that the glaciers and icebergs and permafrost in Northern Canada will start to melt and result in risen sea levels. To keep the water from flooding the country like it would, dams will need to be built all around seas, lakes, rivers and oceans within and along Canada. Along with that, warmer climates will start to affect arctic animals and animals used to colder temprature and that will possibly cause the animls to either die from sickness or dieases. Moreover, this will then damage the food chain system. Not only is this going to affect animals and the enivronment, but possibly in 2035, people may start getting deadly sick because of these dieases as now the affects of this are only temporary. The future for Canada's enivronment and health in 2035 doesn't look so good but I do belive that the improved heath care system will take care of the people dying from dieases and all other health related aspects of this situation.
Managing Canada's Resources and Industries
Canada’s natural resources are mining, ocean fishing, hydro electricity, western agriculture, energy-oil and forestry all of whom build the industries that Canada depends on for its GDP and economy
Mining- sustainable: prevention at mining sites of water, soil and air pollution – non renewable
Ocean fishing- unsustainable: overfishing, dangerous methods of fishing such as explosive fishing and cyanide fishing - renewable via appropriate machinery and reproduction
Hydro electricity- sustainable: fish ladders are being built to get the fish to mate safely in their mating grounds- since water is a renewable resource and hydro electricity uses the water’s flow to work, it doesn’t make it any less renewable
Western agriculture- sustainable: acts that the government released makes it so that farmers cannot over use the same land for agricultural things which leads to the infertility of soil, also because if the land isn’t overused, then there is really no sign of unsustainability- renewable
Energy-oil- unsustainable: spending too much money for example capital spending as of 2012 in oil consumption is at $69 billion, production of conventional oil reaches up to 1.38 million barrels as of 2012, causing pollution, CO2 emissions disruption of climate-non renewable
Forestry- sustainable: protection of land for use of biodiversity along with environmental practices-renewable because they can be replanted and if cut clearly, they will continue to grow while fulfilling our needs
- NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)- trade agreement between Canada, U.S.A, and Mexico that allows each of the countries to trade with each other without paying tariffs on certain products,
- Trading partner of: U.S.A, China, UK, Japan and Mexico (top 5)
- Part of the U.N.- United Nations go help the countries in need in times of war and death and oppression.
- Foreign aid - help other countires all over the world
The most valuble resources in Canada by 2035 will be fishing and oil. The reason for this is because fishing has become very unsustaibale over the past few years even tough it is renewable. Doubtfully, we can say that with the addition of affects from acid rain because of green house gas emissions, fishing is going to be very valuble in 2035 because it will most likely be scarce and hard to find. The acid rain itself will deform the fish and kill them thanks to the high levels of green house gas releases. Along with that, the overfishing will leave very less fish to mate and reproduce since there are fishiers all over Canada finding supply to meet the demands of people and industries. So if there is not much fish left to fish for, then our country will finally start limiting fishing and sell it for really high prices so that the demands aren't as high as the supply. However, in 2035, oil will be used sustainably because it going to be very vauble to Canadian. This will be because we will have used so much oil that we are running out of it, and since oil isn't renewable, we will have to lower our demands than the supply by using electric or solar powered cars, so that we have enough oil to conpenstate for oil trade and to our industries for manufacturing good to trade so that we can bring our economy up.
Canada will also be involved in the world just as it is now, in 2035. The reason for that is from a very long time ago, Canada started getting involved into worldly matters, it hasn't stopped. It has been part of the U.N. since 1945, part of Commonwealth of Nations since 1934, La Francaphonie, the Organization of American States since 1990, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization since 1949. Canada hasn't joined any new group or organization recently which leads to the prediction that indeed, Canada will stay as connected to the world in 2035 as it is currently, and maybe often its embassys in more countries of the world.
Liveable Communities
In 2035, Ontario will create sustaibable ways such as using solar power housing, rainwater, conserving green areas, electrical cars and clean the pollution from air before it gets into the atmosphere to keep its cities sustainable. Solar power housing will help us conserve the energy we have for other things that can't use substitutes. Since green house gas emissions will have caused great damage to Canada, to reverse its effects or stop them from increasing, Ontario and Canada will create electric cars for their citizens, so that no more green house gas emission is released into the atmosphere. Catching rain water in barrels, boiling them and drinking them will help us use water sustainably and not cause overconsumption of water. The reason why we overconsumption of water is an issue is because in subrubs reside many people who need water to rely on for mostly everything, so using this method we can fulfill their needs while reserving water. Cleaning the pollution from the air will be mandatory and very important in 2035 if Canada does not want further health problems for its citizens. Also, since electric cars are going to be used more than real cars, there won't be more pollution going into the atmosphere. To keep agriculture, and forestry alive along with animals, Ontario and Canada will have built a lot of green conserving areas that keep the suburb constructers from harming important nature resevers and areas safe and alive. This way Canada and Ontario will both be follwing the same steps to keep their cities sustainable along with the rest of the world since these are the top ways to keep cities sustainable.