Rocks
By: Nate Sorensen
What is a rock?
the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth.
Igneous
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma. Igneous rocks form in and around volcanoes. there are two types of igneous rock, intrusive igneous rocks such as diorite, gabbro, granite and pegmatite that solidify below Earth's surface and extrusive igneous rocks such as andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite and scoria that solidify on or above Earth's surface.
Sedimentary
Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. Are formed on Earth's surface and within bodies of water.There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks, clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and shale, that are formed from mechanical weathering debris. chemical sedimentary rocks such as rock salt and some limestones, that form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution and, organic sedimentary rocks such as coal and some limestones which form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris.
Metamorphic
Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary, igneous, or another metamorphic rock. These rocks are physically deformed and chemically changed due to different temperatures and pressures. formed simply by being deep beneath the Earth's surface. there are two types of metamorphic rocks, foliated metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, phyllite, schist and slate which have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure and, non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite which do not have a layered or banded appearance.
Granite
Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. It forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Granite is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles and other minerals. Granite is a non vesicular rock.
Conglomerate
Conglomerates often begins by being deposited as a sediment consisting mainly of pebble and cobble-size clasts. The finer-size sand and clay which fill the spaces between the larger clasts is often deposited later on top of the large clasts and then sifts down between them to fill the interstitial spaces. The deposition of a chemical cement then binds the sediment into a rock. conglomerate rocks are formed in rivers and on beaches. the composition varies due to the differences in surrounding rocks and minerals. the Grain size can not be specified because it differs throughout the rock.
Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is exposed to high temperatures and pressures. Marble's texture can vary from smooth to coarse and its grain size can vary from large to small. Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Rock cycle
The rock cycle depicts how sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are formed and how they can change.