English Civil War {1641-1649}
By: Karri Wex, Kiana Sweem, Stephanie Steinhardt
Summary
Causes
Root cause: Both a monarchy and a Parliament could not exist together with equal power, one had to overcome the other.
Outcome
Main Significance
Timeline
January:
King Charles attempted to arrest 5 MP's and then flees London 6 days later
March:
The militia ordinance was passed by theEnglishParliament
April:
The parliament took seize over Hull ( a large arsenal) and denied King Charles entrance
July:
Parliament voted to raise and army
September:
Battles of Powick Bridge
October:
Battle of Edgehill
1643
May:
Peace negotiations where held at Oxford but failed
June:
Parliament was defeated at the battle of Adwalton Moor, resulting in the Solemn League and Covenant, between parliament and the scots
July:
The Royalists began their counter-siege of the Hull
October:
The Royalists siege of the Hull failed due to Parliament forces
1644
July:
Battle of Marston Moor
September:
Earl of Essex was trapped in Cornwall and surrendered all his troops at the Respryn Bridge
December:
Self-denying ordinance was introduced though it was not passed until April of 1645
1645
January:
Beginning of the creation of the New Model Army
June:
Battle of Naseby (major defeat for Charles I)
July:
Battle of Langport (Royalists again defeated)
September:
Prince Rupert forced to surrender at Bristol
1646
April:
Charles I surrenders to the Scots
June:
Oxford surrendered
July:
Peace Terms offered to Charles at NewCastle
1647
February:
Scouts hand Charles over to Parliament, and Parliament votes to disband the army
May:
Many regiments of Parliament's army refuse to disband
June:
Charles I seized by Cornet Joyce
July:
A royalist mob invades Parliament, forcing many MP's to flee
November:
Charles escapes from captivity
December:
Charles signs an engagement which invites the Scots to invade England
1648
July:
A Scot Army led by Scottish Royalists enters England
August:
Cromwell defeats the uprising in South Wales and crushes the Scots at the Battle of Preston
December:
The House of Commons voted to negotiate with Charles; Pride’s Purge of the House of Commons; Cromwell offered his support of the purge
1649
January:
A High Court of Justice decides to try Charles; the King's trial opens January 20th. Charles is executed January 30th.
Charles raises his standard in Nottingham
Parliament seizes the Hull
Parliament votes to raise an army
Earl of Wessex surrenders
Battle of Naseby
Battle of Langport
Charles I surrenders
Charles I Beheaded
10 Key Figures from the war
Was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland
He lived an extravagant lifestyle and always was in need of more money
Relied on the Duke of Buckingham, which led to wars with France and Spain
William Laud:
An unpopulated Archbishop
Insisted on the existence of Papists
Lord Strafford:
Found clever ways to fund the extravagant lifestyle of the King
His plots became known as "Strafford's Fork"
Oliver Cromwell:
Prominent Parliament supporter
Leader of a "new model army"
Cavaliers:
A highly disciplined, well equipped, religious army, that had a major fighting role in the war
Could be identified by their steel body armor and lobster tailed helmets
Roundheads:
New soldiers who where identified by their short hair
Colonel Pride:
Colonel Thomas Pride
Royalist:
Supporters of the King that came from noble families
They fought for the infantry and foot army
New Model Army:
A modern Army under the lead of Oliver Cromwell
Defeated the Royalists at 2 important battles
Court of Star Chamber:
A court which King Charles used to convict his enemy's
The people had no legal rights in the court