The Five Themes of geography
Environment
Environment
Earths surface is crumpled up in some places and worn away in others. Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and other mountain-building forces have raised land from beneath the ocean.
Climate
Climate is the long term average of weather conditions at a particular place. Global temperatures range from tropical heat to polar cold. Moisture varies from humid rain forest to dry deserts.
Water
About three quarters of the earths surface is covered in water, most of it is the salty oceans. Humpback whales are among the largest animals on earth, even though they only eat tiny fish and plants.
Soils
A lot of the land on earth is covered in a mixture of rock and soils. Human settlement and agriculture are generally concentrated in those regions of the earth with thick, fertile soils.