1750-1900 S'more Project
Empires in Collision
By: Alexus Maddox
AP World History
Second Thoughts
Taiping Uprising
- The rise of the rebellion associated with the decline of the dynasty, the leadership Hong Xiuquan was found to be in charismatic by it proclaiming a millenarian religious message.
- It's leaders largely rejected Confucianism ,Daoism, and Buddhism; Hong Xiuquan thought of himself as of being the younger brother of Jesus and was sent down to the world to make it better and at peace under his rule.
Opium wars
- Opium derived from Arab traders in the eighth century or earlier, has long been used as small drinkable medicine, regarded as a cure for dysentery and was said to be " fit for Buddha".
- Opium became a problem once China started to import opium, which was illegal. After illegal trade was going on with opium, many officials were corrupted and literally everyone began to become addicted such as soldiers going into combat, students preparing for their exams, ect. all looking to the pain and drudgery of the heavy work they were having to do.
First Opium wars
A image showing the effect of the creation of the opium wars over seas.
Trade
Before the Opium wars to save their silver to extra get with the Chinese to get silk, porcelain, ect. they paid Chinese people in opium resulting in a lot of people getting sick.
Second opium wars
Britain brutally vandalized the empowers summer palace outside of Beijing, in addition to this there were still foreign ports open for foreign traders . With the protection of Chinese authority foreign traders were now allowed to roam freely and buy land in China.
Unequal Treaties
The treaty of Nanjing imposed numerous restrictions on Chinese sovereignty and opened five foreign trading ports to European traders. This changed the balance of global power and emerged with Brittany's industrial revolution.
Self-Strengthening Movement
Chinese authorities weren't passive when it came to their countries mounting crisis, they had both internal and external problems. Their policies during the 1860's and the 1870's were made to strengthen China while they were caughtously borrowing money from the west.
Boxer Uprising
The boxer uprising was the result of the anti foreign movement which erupted in north China. It was led by the militia organization whom called themselves the society of righteous and harmonious fist. They killed a lot of European and Chinese Christians and laid siege to foreign embassies in Beijing.
Commissioner Lin
Lin Zexu was a strict and honest official whom was immune to bribery, genuinely concerned with the welfare of the poor, and wasn't afraid to confront any corruption between the rich nor the poor. He made the argument that English items imported from China such as silk, tea, rhubarb, and eat. would be beneficial creating a similar method as to the foreign suppliers of the opium.
Chinese Revolution of 1911
In southern China people revolted a gained the Qing dynasty because of imperial demands towards Japan and the western powers; however, as a result it frustrated people along with the problems of the imperial system the people wanted China to be unifified. After the revolt it was a success; the the imperial system was abolished and chine became a republic government.
"The Sick Man of Europe"
- Before the empire was known as "The Sick Man of Europe" they were actually known as "The Strong Sword of Islam". The Ottoman Empire ruled over much of the Arab world, it was a strong empire. It protected pilgrims on their way to Mecca , they even governed Egypt and the coastal part of North Africa, and incorporated many of Christians in the Balkans.
- The Ottoman Empire got its name of being " The Sick Man of Europe" because by the end of the 19th century it no longer was able to deal with Europe from a position of equality. They was also growing to become unable to prevent region after region ( India , Indonesia, West Africa, and Central Asia) from falling under the the control of the Christian powers.
Tanzimat ( re-organization)
- The Ottoman leadership strived to improve their civilization by creating ideas to improve the empire economically, socially, and legally to nelly re- centralize their state/empire. They built factories to produce cloth, paper, and armaments.
- They also built steamships, railroads, telegraphs, courts, schools. In addition to their creation of factories they also created factories for modern mining operations. For their food they reclaimed and resettled into better agricultural land so they can grow better a more of a large amount of crops.
Young Ottomans
They were active during the middle decades of the 19th century whom wanted to make major changes in their political system itself. They favored the European style democratic type of government that could possibly curtail the absolute power of the empower. They thought that they could mobilize the energies of the country to be able to preserve the state against European conflict for their political system.
Sultan Abd al Hamid ll
Bad al Humid II accepted a constitution and an elected parliament proclaimed to him by the young Ottomans, however it didn't last as long as the young ottomans expected. While Abd was under the pressure of having to go to war with Russia the Sultan suspended the reforms and the reverted to an older style of despotic rule for the net 30 years. He even re-claimed himself to being caliph , successor to the prophet , and the protector of all muslims.
Young Turks
In 1908 they were able to get the military coup to consider for them to be able to exercise real power of leadership. They tried to exercise radical secularization of schools, courts, and law codes. They permitted elections and competing parties, they also established a single law of family rights for all Regardless of their religion. After influencing other Turkish people and their lives they encouraged for Turkish to be their official language of the empire. As a significance they helped women by opening modern schools for women, which included access to Istanbul University. In certain situations women were also allowed to divorce their husbands instead of the option only being open for men.
Informal Empires
The informal empires of Europe retained sufficient independence for their governments to launch efforts of defensive modernization; however , they wasn't able to create the industrial economies or strong states who we're required to fend off European intrusion and to re build their old status and how it's seen through out the world.
Tokugawa Japan
For 250 years Japan was ruled by a shogun, whom was also a military ruler. The Tokugawa people were based on their own military power and political skills. As a great outcome of his rule he gave the people of Tokugawa more than two successful centuries of internal peace; however , sadly they fidnt have a good military because they didnt have a national army, uniform currency, and they had little central authority at the local level. Tokugawa Japan wasnt really unified; although they had detailed rules of governed occupatant, dress, of hairstyles, and ect.
Meiji restoration
The Meiji restoration was a foreign intervention that brought matters to head. Japan liberally limited their contact with the west single port, where ease only the Dutch were allowed to trade. European countries and the United States wanted to join the group of trade but, both of them were turned down. Even shipwecked people were punished by accidentally ending up in their territory by being expelled, jailed, or even executed. They were quit strict and stern about the rules they enforced against other countries. As this was extremely unfair to the people who were victims at shipwrck Commodore Perry in 1853 demanded humane treatment for castaways, which would be the right of the american vessel to refuel and buy provisions for them.
Russo Japanese War 1904-1905
Russia established Japan as a formidable military competitor in East asia, whom in which was also the first Asian state to defeat a major European power. In addition to this japan also gained colonial control of Taiwan and Korea and the territorial areas in the Manchuria. When the Japanese started to trigger conflicts against Russia this actually started the war but, leaving Russia at their blind side it took them by surprise. To Europeans and Americans, Japan was now an economic, political, and military competitor in Asia. During the rise of Japan and it's defeat of Russia it generated a widespread of admiration with the people who saw Japan as a model for their own modern development; although, they struggled under the category of imperialism for their government.
A Map of Time
1793 Chinese rejected British for open trade
The Chinese started to reject trade in 1793 because the first few times the British traded with them to get their silk, Porcelain, etc.. instead of giving them their silver in exchange they gave them opium in which after a while made China's people sick and addicted to it.
1798 Napoleon invades Egypt
The French ordered to invade Egypt because they were hoping it would cut of British communication between them and India, their most vulnerable colonial land holdings.
1830s Famine and rebellions in japan
In 1833 too much rain produces crop failures and caused the Tempo famine. 50 years before this occurred in 1833 was when famine first started in japan ,it was another type of famine that produced then as well, when it came peace ended. three years into the famine environment and an estimate of 300,000 people died. As for their rebels there has been many people who disagree with the government and has made in known, sadly 250,000 troops were sent out to take care of them by attempting to control them.
First Opium war in China 1838 - 1842
The Opium wars all started because they traded with Britain and instead of giving China their silver for their silk and opium they gave them Opium which originally came from Arab traders. After they gave China a large amount of Opium for their products their people started to get sickly and addicted to it, as if it was poison.
1838 - 1876 Tanzimat Reform in the Ottoman Empire
It was all about re-organization and improvement, in this century the ottoman empire and it's ,leader tried their best to improve civilization by doing things such as building steamships, railroads, and factories for things such as for cloth and paper.
1850 - 1864 Taiping Uprising in China
The rise of the rebellion associated with the decline of the dynasty. It's leaders largely rejected Confucianism ,Daoism, and Buddhism.
1856 - 1858 Second Opium War in China
Britain brutally vandalized the empowers summer palace outside of Beijing, in addition to this there were still foreign ports open for foreign traders
1853 Admiral Perry arrives in Japan
When Admiral Perry arrived in Japan he forced them to start trading with the united states and demanded a treaty proclaiming trade and to have the Japanese ports open to the U.S. merchant ships. This was the era when all western powers were seeking to open new markets for manufactured goods abroad and to supply raw materials.
1868 Meiji Restoration in Japan
The Meiji restoration was a foreign intervention, in the process Japan limited their contact with the west single port, where ease only the Dutch were allowed to trade. European countries and the united states wanted to join in on the trade to get more goods and profit but, at the time only the Dutch was allowed to be involved while their intervention was going on because after the Opium wars the two countries weren't well trusted.
1894 - 1895 Sino Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Qing Empire of China and the Empire of Japan, fighting over control for Korea.
1904 -1905 Russo Japanese War
Russia established Japan as a formidable military competitor in East Asia, whom in which was also the first Asian state to defeat a major European power. japan also gained colonial control of Taiwan and Korea and the territorial areas in the Manchuria.
Boxer Rebellion in China
The boxer uprising was the result of the anti foreign movement which erupted in north China. They killed a lot of European and Chinese Christians and laid siege to foreign embassies in Beijing.
Young Turk takeoverin Ottoman Empire
They tried to exercise radical secularization of schools, courts, and law codes. They permitted elections and competing parties, they also established a single law of family rights for all Regardless of their religion. After influencing other Turkish people and their lives they encouraged for Turkish to be their official language of the empire.
Japan annexes Korea
Japan annexing Korea is mostly known as the Japan Korea treaty of 1910. The Annexation Treaty was made by representing the empire of japan and the Korean empire. After the creation of the treaty Korea became the protector of Japan;however, The following treaty of 1907 deprived Korea of the administration of internal affairs.
Chinese Revolution; end of Qing dynasty
The revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty, which was china's last imperial dynasty. After the revolution was over a republic government for china was established. The revolution started on October the 10th in 1911 and ended on February 12th on 1912.
By: Alexus Maddox
AP World History