Camera
Optics Unit Project - By Arjan Cambo
What is a Camera?
In short terms, a camera is a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs or film (video).
Historical facts
First traces of cameras...
By who and when was the camera invented? Who took the first Photograph?
The camera was designed in 1685 by Johann Zahn but the first photograph was taken in 1814 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce, who is also credited as the inventor as well. But even before this, there is evidence that lead up to the creation of the photographic camera. Earlier cameras could not save the image but followed the principle of how the camera works today. The forerunner to the camera was the camera obscura. This was a device that consisted of a box with a hole on one side. The light from the hole striked the surface inside where it was inverted (turned upside down), it is the same concept as the pinhole. The image was projected onto to paper where it was then traced. After the first photograph, more practical photography was in the making. The camera’s around 1814 were huge in size and not portable for the average person.
Practical Photography
More important events
- Hamilton Smith got patent for tintypes which is a photograph made by creating a direct positive (black and white) on a thin sheet of metal coated with a dark lacquer or enamel in 1856.
- The year 1851 witnessed the development of wet plate negatives by Frederick Scoff Archer followed by the invention of dry plate negatives in 1879.
- George Eastman invented the flexible film roll in 1889.
- The color photography at commercial level started in the year 1940. This was the beginning of comfortable photography with hand held, portable cameras.
Why was the camera invented?
Analyzing the Camera
How ordinary film cameras work
The overall look of how a camera works is there is a lightproof box (able to block out light) that lets a bit of light at the right moment. Once the light enters the camera, it creates an image by causing a chemical reaction on photo film, but now cameras have changed to digital. More in depth, first the light goes through the lens. The light path depends on the the angle of the light rays entry into the lens and the also the structure of the lens. The angle of light entry changes when you move the object closer or farther away from the lens. When you want to see the image in the viewfinder the outdoor light reflects on surfaces, bouncing through the lens and onto a plane mirror. The light then bounces off the mirror into a five-sided piece of glass and the light passes through the eyepiece and into your eye. This allows the user to see exactly what will appear on film. Finally, when you take the picture the mirror flips up getting out of the way for the shutter (hole or an opening through which light travels) to allow in light and then the light hits the film.
Properties of Light and Reflection Used
The Lens - Refraction and Type of Lens
Convex Lenses - Camera use converging lenses because the light needs to be focused onto the mirror. Convex lens cause the rays to meet a focus point which is either the mirror or film. Convex lenses also play a role in focusing the image. Today the lenses and adjust for focusing. (Diagram - https://goo.gl/Z331zv)
How digital cameras work
Benefits gained from the Camera
how the camera has benefited society
Throughout the years camera’s have developed and have changed to be used for many other purposes. Almost everyone today has a device (phone, tablet) that includes a camera. Cameras have advanced and developed more than just to take pictures and save memories and to the point where they can be used in many industries. Here are some ways they have benefited society.
Education
Health
In health, cameras can be used to save data, progress overtime, such as weight gain or loss. A great example of a camera being implemented in the health industry is the endoscope which is used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the human body using a camera.
Entertain-ment
Communica-tion
With new technology we can video chat or send pictures and videos to our friends and family which makes the communication experience more realistic compared to calling or texting.
Security
Environ-ment
To Conclude
Bibliography
Information from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera#Mechanics
http://www.whoinvented.org/who-invented-camera/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_(photography)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura
http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-does-a-camera-work/
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/camera1.htm
http://www.astropix.com/HTML/I_ASTROP/HOW.HTM
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/digitalcameras.html
http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/processes/pinholes/how-a-pinhole-camera-works
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/Refraction-by-Lenses
All Pictures from Google Images (in order of pictures from top to bottom)
What is a camera (Canon Camera)
http://www.wallpaperf1.co/2016/02/04/photography-wf1070/
First Traces of Cameras... (Pinhole) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera#/media/File:Pinhole-camera.svg
By who and when was the camera invented? Who took the first Photograph? (Joseph Nicephore Niepce)
Practical Photography (Daguerreotype camera)
Why was the camera invented?
https://www.nyip.edu/courses/travel-photography
Analyzing the Camera
http://hdwallpapershdpics.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/photography1thewowstyle.jpg
How ordinary film cameras work
http://leganerd.com/wp-content/uploads/LEGANERD_044492.jpeg
Properties of Light and Reflection used
Refraction
http://www.picturecorrect.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/fisheye-lens.jpg
Camera Diagram
http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/camera-diagram4.gif
How digital cameras work
http://d2rormqr1qwzpz.cloudfront.net/photos/2013/10/15/54168-sd_card_camera.jpg
Education
https://nbclatino.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/victor-pauca-using-ipad.jpg
Health
Entertainment
Environement
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oRiLLd2hX0E/maxresdefault.jpg
Security
http://adminpilot.s3.amazonaws.com/southjerseysurveillance/files/2010/06/camera.jpg
Communication
To Conclude
http://static.bhphotovideo.com/explora/explora/sites/default/files/TS-Night-Photography.jpg