QAR
Strategy supporting struggling readers across all content.
What is it?
Question-Answer Relationships, or QAR, is a reading comprehension strategy developed to "clarify how students approach the tasks of reading texts and answering questions" (Raphael 1986). It encourages students to be active, strategic readers of texts. QAR outlines where information can be found "In the Text" or "In my Head." It then breaks down the actual question-answer relationships into four types: Right There, Think and Search, Author and Me, and On My Own.
For example, these are questions at each level:
In the Text
Right There: Who is the main character?
Think and Search: How did the character return home?
In My Head
Author and Me: Would you have made the same choice the character made?
On My Own: Do you know what it's like to feel jealousy?
Why use it?
Students often follow an extremely literal or "in their head" approach when answering questions about what they have read. Understanding question-answer relationships helps students learn the kind of thinking that different types of questions require, as well as where to go for answers in the text. It encourages students to be more efficient and strategic readers.
Teaching students about question-answer relationships can help them to ask effective questions as they read and respond to the text.
Teachers use questioning strategies to guide and monitor student learning and to promote higher-level thinking in their students. Teaching students the QAR strategy encourages teachers to be aware of, and, it is hoped, improve the types of thinking they are requiring of their students.
Understanding how the question-answer relationship works is an important component of comprehending text. According to research cited by the National Institute for Literacy, teaching about question-answer relationships is an effective strategy for improving comprehension when used as part of a multiple-strategy model (2001).
How it works....
The levels and types of comprehension questions are described below.
You can check comprehension of any subject area. Good questioning leads to clarity for you and the students on if the concepts/content that is being taught is being understood.
- In the Text
The answers are right there in the text. These types of questions are literal.
- Right There
The answer is in one sentence of the text; the question and answer usually have the same wording. Answers usually are one-word or short-phrase responses. There is usually only one right answer to Right There questions.
Some examples of phrases used for Right There questions:
Who is....?
Where is...?
What is...?
When is...?
How many...?
When did...? - Think and Search
The answer is found in several parts of the text. The question and answer have different wordings. Answers are usually short answers.
Some examples of phrases used for Think and Search questions:
For what reason...?
How did...?
Why was...?
What caused...? - In My Head
Students must use their prior knowledge to answer these types of questions.
- Author and Me
The answer to the question comes from both clues in the text and students' prior knowledge. Students must synthesize the text to fully understand the question.
Some examples of phrases used for Author and Me questions:
Would you...?
Which character...?
Did you agree with...?
What did you think of...? - On My Own
The answer comes entirely from students' prior knowledge. These questions require inferential and evaluative thinking. Answers do not require information from the text but do require that students make some type of judgment about or relate to the topic of the text.
Some examples of phrases used for On My Own questions:
Do you know...?
Have you ever...?
Would you ever...?