Chapter 6 sections 1 & 2
By: Kristen Hernandez
Properties of Normal Curve
1. The normal curve is symmetrical about the mean μ;
2. The mean is at the middle and divides the area into halves;
3. The total area under the curve is equal to 1;
4. It is completely determined by its mean and standard deviation σ
- Normal Curve explanation- a bell-shaped curve showing a particular distribution of probability over the values of a random variable. Also called Gaussian curve, probability curve. Origin of normal curve Expand.
Empirical Rule
Empirical Rule explination
- Above the mean, the empirical rule or the 68-95-99.7 rule. tells us that there is a 99.7% chance of finding a result in a. normal distribution that is within three standard. deviations of the mean.
- When do we use the empirical rule? The Empirical Rule is often used in statistics for forecasting, especially when obtaining the right data is difficult or impossible to get. The rule can give you a rough estimate of what your data collection might look like if you were able to survey the entire population.
- Example 68% of data falls within the first standard deviation from the mean.
- 95% fall within two standard deviations.
- 99.7% fall within three standard deviations
Control Chart
The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in time order. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit. These lines are determined from historical data
Z-Scores- Calculation
- The z value or z score (also known as standard score) gives the number of standard deviations between the original measurements x and he mean of the x distribution
- The mean of the original distribution is always zero, in standard units. This is understandable because the mean is zero standard variations for itself.
- an x value is the original distribution that is above the mean u has a corresponding z value that is positive.
What does the standard normal distribution tell us?
- The mean is 0
- the standard deviation is 1
- any normal distribution can be converted to a standard normal distribution by converting all the measurements to standard z scores.
What does a standard score tell us?
- a standard score or z score of a measurement tells us the number of standard deviations the measurement is from the mean.
- a standard score close to zero tells us the measurement is near the mean of the distribution
- a positive standard score tells us the measurement is above the mean
- a negative standard score tells us the measurement is below the mean.