Animal biotech
Dolly the sheep
Animal cloning
Animal cloning has been improving for twenty years it has been an important tool for scientific researchers since the 1950's. The 19997 debut of Dolly the cloned sheep was a worldwide media event, animal cloning was not new. Dolly was a scientific breakthrough not because she was a clone, but because the source of the genetic material used to produce dolly was an adult cell, not an embryonic one.
Harvard mouse
The PTO found that organisms were in fact
new and eligible for patenting. It found this particular
type of oyster to be obvious, and thus did not allow a
patent for it. The polyploid oyster paved the way
for the patenting of other nonnaturally occurring animals. In
1988, Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart were granted a patent
on transgenic nonhuman mammals
that covered the so-called Harvard mouse, which was genetically
engineered to be a model for the study of cancer.
Philip leder and Timothy stewart
In
1988, Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart were granted a patent
on transgenic nonhuman mammals
that covered the so-called Harvard mouse, which was genetically
engineered to be a model for the study of cancer.
More about dolly
Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was born on July 5th, 1996, at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. Her birth, not revealed to the public until February 3rd, 1997, sparked controversy instantly, because Dolly was the world's first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. Considered one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs ever, Dolly's birth and subsequent survival proved that adult cells can reprogram themselves into a new being. The team that created her, led by Scotsman Ian Wilmut, hoped to create an animal whose cells were genetically young again, rather than prematurely adult; however, when Dolly was reported to have been euthanased on February 14th, 2003, nearly six years after her birth, concern was raised that her progressive lung disease was caused because her cells were already old; she also had premature arthritis. Sheep can normally live to 11 or 12 years of age, and lung disease is not common in younger sheep. There was some speculation as to whether she caught it or not from the other sheep that she was housed with, but that claim has been neither confirmed nor denied.
Dolly, named after singer Dolly Parton, bred normally on two occasions, with a Welsh mountain ram named David, and over the course of her life gave birth to four lambs; proTheir discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953, and later, their work on moecular heredity, helped to propel the science of biotechnology into the public view. ving thus that clones can reproduce.
Why animals are important to biotech reaserch
animals in research is a necessity for many such products. The
appropriate and responsible use of animals is an indispensable
part of biomedical and agricultural research. BIO members are
committed to act ethically and to apply high standards of care
when using animals in scientific procedures.