persain manuscript
which is also called cuneiform
We know about ancient persia
When it was formed ?
After Darius came to power around 522 BC, one of his many contributions to the Persian Empire (and Persian culture) was the invention of the Old Persian cuneiform. As was mentioned in Earliest History, beforethe settlement of the Persians in Persia proper, almost all the nations immediately to the west of this land (such as the Elamites, Sumerians, Aramians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Akkadians, etc.), each implemented a variation of the cuneiform writing system. Darius designed the Persian variation after some of these people’s, especially the Akkadians.
Alphabet in old persia
The number of the characters in the Old Persian syllabary is 36. These characters are divided as follows:
- 3 vowels: a, i, u
- 22 consonant signs with a as the inherent vowel: ka, xa, ga, ca, ja, ta, θa, ça, da, na, pa, fa, ba, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ša, za, ha
- 4 consonants with i: ji, di, mi, vi
- 7 consonants with u: ku, gu, tu, du, nu, mu, ru
Old persian numerals
Here the Old Persian is presented; the colons reflect the placement of the word dividers in the original inscription
adam : dārayavauš : xšāyaθiya : vazarka : xšāyaθiya : xšāyaθiyānām : xšāyaθiya : pārsaiy : xšāyaθiya : dahyūnām : vištāspahyā : puça : aršāmahyā : napā : haxāmanišiya….
‘I (am) Darius, the great king, King of Kings, king of Persia, king of [many] lands, son of Hystaspes, grandson of Arsames, an Achaemenian….’
old persian vs new persian
Old PersianNew Persian
xšāyaθiya- ‘king’šāh شاه
vazarka- ‘great, big, large’bozorg بزرگ
pārsa- ‘Persia’ (nowadays, only Persia proper)pārs, fārs پارس، فارس
dahyu- ‘land, province, district’deh ده ‘village’
vištāspa- ‘Hystaspes’gošn-asb, goštāsp, goštāsb گشتاسب
puça- ‘son’pesar پسر ‘boy, son’
napā- ‘grandson’ (< napāt-; orig., ‘offspring’)nave نوه ‘grandchild’
aršāma- ‘Arsames’āršām آرشام
haxāmanišiya- ‘Achaemenian’haxāmaneši هخامنشی
New Persian
šāh شاه
bozorg بزرگ
pārs, fārs پارس، فارس
deh ده ‘village’
gošn-asb, goštāsp, goštāsb گشتاسب
pesar پسر ‘boy, son
nave نوه ‘grandchild’
āršām آرشام
haxāmaneši هخامنشی