The Sun
By: Harry Sewell
Corona
A faintly luminous envelope outside of the sun's chromosphere, the inner part consisting of highly ionized elements.
Chromosphere
A scarlet, gaseous envelope surrounding the sun outside the photosphere, from which enormous quantities of hydrogen and other gases are erupted.
Photosphere
The luminous visible surface of the sun, being a shallow layer of strongly ionized gases.
Convective Zone
A region of turbulent plasma between a star's core and its visible photosphere at the surface, through which energy is transferred by convection. In the convection zone, hot plasma rises, cools as it nears the surface, and falls to be heated and rise again.
Radiative Zone
The layer of a star that lies just outside the core, to which radiant energy is transferred from the core in the form of photons. In this layer, photons bounce off other particles, following fairly random paths until they enter the convection zone. Despite the high speed of photons, it can take hundreds of thousands of years for radiant energy in the Sun's radiative zone to escape and enter the convection zone
Sunspots
One of the relatively dark patches that appear periodically on the surface of the sun and affect terrestrial magnetism and certain other terrestrial phenomena.
Prominence
An eruption of a flamelike tongue of relatively cool, high-density gas from the solar chromosphere into the corona where it can be seen during a solar eclipse or by observing strong spectral lines in its emission spectrum.
Solar Flare
A brief powerful eruption of particles and intense electromagnetic radiation from the sun's surface, associated with sunspots and causing disturbances to radio communication on earth
Aurora
A radiant emission from the upper atmosphere that occurs sporadically over the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres in the form of luminous bands, streamers, or the like, caused by the bombardment of the atmosphere with charged solar particles that are being guided along the earth's magnetic lines of force.
Sources
http://i.space.com/images/i/000/005/972/original/sun-photo-solar-filament-101118-02.jpg?1294094311
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/171926main_heliolayers_label_lg.jpg
http://img.dictionary.com/corona-276031-400-400.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg
http://cronodon.com/images/Photosphere.jpg
http://www.thesuntoday.org/glossary/core/
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/ypop/Spotlight/SunInfo/Images/convect.gif
http://boojum.as.arizona.edu/~jill/NS102_2006/Lectures/Lecture14/15-02.jpg
http://hurricanemanagementgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sunspots-activity.jpg
http://i.space.com/images/i/000/005/637/i02/sun-big-solar-flare-100910-02.jpg?1292271242
http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/20150409-10-sebastiansaarloos.jpg