US History Unit 2 Vocab
Joshua Durago period 2
Sherman Anti-trust Act
A landmark federal statue in this history of the United States antitrust law passed by Congress in 1890
Children's Bureau 1912
President Taft created the Children's Bureau to "investigate and reform the welfare of children"
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry; required that railroads be "reasonable and just"
Meat Inspection Act
works to prevent altered meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions
Thedore Roosevelt
He created the Bureau of Corporation to investigate monopolies and trusts; enforced the Sherman anti-trust act
Jacob Riis
Described the poverty, Diseases, and crime that afflicted many immigrant neighborhoods in the book How the Other Half Lives
Upton Sinclair
Acquired fame from his muckraking novel, The Jungle, which conditions to the meat packing industry
William "Boss" Tweed
Leader of New York City's corrupt Tammany Hall political organization during the 1860s and early; provided essential services to create significant voting strength
Samuel Gompers
In 1966 delegates from over 20 of the nation's trade unions organized the American Federation of Labor
Henry Ford
Learned that the less people had to move, the faster they would work; produced the assembly line which lowered the cost of the Model T
Cornelius Vanderbilt
was a self-made Multi-millionaire; became one of the largest steamship operator; reputation for being fiercely competitive and ruthless
JP Morgan
One of the most powerful bankers of his era; used his influence to help stabilize American financial markets during several economic crises, including the panic of 1907
John D Rockefeller
He established Standard Oil, which by the early 1800s controlled some 90 percent of the US refineries and pipelines
Muckraker
Writers who exposed filth and corruption in society; wrote about other social injustices
Progressivism
A reform movement that occurred in the early 1900s as a response to the problems created from urbanization and industrialization
Social Gospel Movement
From about 1870 to 1920; religious reformers strove to improve conditions in the cities according to the biblical ideals charity and justice
Gospel of Wealth
Wealthy Americans had the responsibility to donating money to further social progress; believe the wealth should also have higher tax burden
Americanization
This was a process in which immigrant school children were taught English language as well as culture
Social Darwinism
Is a social theory that attempts to adapt Charles Darwin's Natural selection principles and apply it to society; It is used to explain poverty and to justify class distinction and the imbalances of power between races and nations
Gilded Age
The Industrial Revolution period was known as the Gilded Age was a term coined by Mark Twain; meaning a layer of glitter over a cheap base
Ethnic Enclaves
Most immigrants settled in cities, they lived in neighborhoods that were separated into ethnic groups
Tenements
The majority of urban dweller were part of the working class who lived in the city tenements, or dark and crowded multi-family apartment
Ellis Island
A small island in New York Harbor. It served as a processing center for most immigrants arriving on the East Coast after 1892
Horizontal Integration
When a company takes over or buys out a competitor in an effort to gain market share
Vertical Integration
When a company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation
American Industrial Revolution
With the Civil war over, American Industry expanded and millions of citizens left their farms to work in mines and factories