Carbohydrates
"carbo" = carbon "hydr" = hydrogen "ate" = indicates oxygen
Elements of carbs
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Ex: C6H12O6
Carbohydrates are the biomolecules responsible for providing organisms with ENERGY! and occasionally providing a support structure like a cell wall in plants
Another name for carbohydrates is saccharides, which just means "sugar" in Latin. A monosaccharide is a single unit of sugar, like glucose. These single units are called monomers.
mono = ONE
Carbohydrates have ring like structures!
A disaccharide is made of 2 monosaccharides that are connected to each other or bonded together
di = two
A polysaccharide is a chain of monosaccharides all bonded together
poly = many
Names of Sugars
glucose = energy sugar (monosaccharide)
sucrose = table sugar (disaccharide)
lactose = milk sugar (disaccharide)
fructose = fruit sugar (monosaccharide)
cellulose = plant starch (polysaccharide)