Mining
Dwyer, Atkinson, Woodward, Baker
Surface Mining
Broad category of mining in which soil and overlying the mineral deposit are removed.
Strip Surface Mining
Obtaining ore and coal by open-pit mining
Open-Pit Mining
A surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the Earth by removal from an open pit.
Mountain Top Removal
Form of surface mining that involves the summit or summit ridge of a mountain.
Sub-surface Mining
Sub-surface mining consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore deposits.
Slope
Slope mining is a method of accessing valuable geological materials such as coal, or ore.
Drift
The mining of an ore deposit by underground methods or the working of coal seams accessed by adits driven into the surface outcrop of the coal bed.
Shaft
Excavating a vertical or near-vertical tunnel from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom.