The Muslim World
James, Baleigh and Ariel
Geography, People, Towns/Trade
Geography
- Mainly desert
- The Coast of the Peninsula consists of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, and Arabian Sea
- 2.6 million years ago people started inhabiting this area
- Artifacts have been found widely
- many paleolithic sites
- Bedouins had a nomadic life style
- Crossroads of threes continents- Asia, Africa, and Europe
- Oasis Helped trading because not much water was common in this area
- People traded animals, textiles, metals, crops, and spices
What is...
Revelations
- He thought that he was the last of the prophets. He decided to teach that Allah was the one and only god and that other gods must be forgotten. Some people agreed and they were called Muslims.
- People believed that his ideas would lead to trouble in Mecca that would cause disruption for the people
- The migration of followers that moved with Muhammad to the town of Yathrib
- Turing point for Muhammad , believed that people really want to become part of the religion
- Him and his 10,00 follower marched into Mecca wanting to take the town and convert everybody
- Destroyed the idols that the city worshiped, then after most people converted to Islam
Islam Expands
The Crisis
- When Muhammad died it was devastating to the muslim community.They believed they had to carry his word to other areas. They clearly lacked leadership which divided the Muslim community. They believed his profiles because he wrote down what allah said . Also it was just belief system that people wanted to change to because they were tried of believing a different religion.
- Elected a leader Abu-bakr, he became know as the first (caliph-successor or deputy)
- The caliphs that used the Qur'an and followed Muhammad's commands were know as the Rightly guided Caliphs. The first Rightly guided Caliphs were Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. There reason for success was there arms were well disciplined and very well commanded. Economic had a benefit because Muslims didn't to have to pay poll tax.
- Follow there own religion but they had to pay a tax each year or have some military duties. Were not allowed to spread religion but allowed to worship it.
- The split occurred because a family (Umayyads- the first muslim dynasty lasted from 661- 750 A.D)came to power and had different opinion from most. Most people view peace was the answer but little viewed against it. Sooner Or later the to groups of people split. The Shi'a which meant "party" these were the people who were with the idea. The Sunni were the ones against the rule "known as the followers of Muhammad" Most Muslims today are Sunni and a little over 15% are Shi'a. Sufi rejected luxurious life liked the life of the poor and lived for devotion for Muhammad.
Muslim Society
Muslim Citys
- Cultural center for Islamic learning,
- symbolized strength
- Baghdad was the capital city
- Protected the cities with walls and new inventions
- Muslims at birth-first class
- Coverts-second class
- Protected people(christians,jews)-third class
- Slaves-fourth class
- Woman weren't in control of themselves the men were
- The Qur'an does state that men and woman are equal as believers
- Very little education
- After a while woman were expected to be veiled and not allowed to show there faces
- Established Baghdad
- Library, Academy, and Translation center
- Scholars of different cultures and beliefs worked side by side translating texts from Greece, India, Persia, and elsewhere into Arabic.
Islamic Art
Calligraphy
- The art of Beautiful handwriting
- Complex design, usually incorporates flowers, leaves, and geometric patterns
Mosaics
- A piece of artwork made up of stone, glass, or tiles arranged in a certain way to create a pattern or picture
Astrolab
- used to calculate time,events, and relative position, for muslims to helps show were they were in relation to Mecca
People
- Al-Razi-greatest physician of the Muslim world, wrote several books and a Encyclopedia
- Al-Khwarizmi- Mathematician, wrote a textbook about algebra
- Ibn al-Haytham-wrote a book about optics that revolutionized ideas about vision,the book was used to create lenses for microscopes and telescopes in years to come
- Ibn Rushd- a philosopher that tried tabled islamic views with Plato's views, Preposed the idea that philosophy had one reason to find the truth
Dome of the Rock
- muhammad was believed to ascended into heaven at this spot
Dome of the Rock
Place that is believed were muhammad ascended to heaven
Astrolabe
Could show what time it was and where you were location wise to Mecca
House of Wisdom
Resource center for scholars and muslims
Islamic Beliefs and Practices
Basic Beliefs
- There is only one God
- There is good and evil
- Each person is responsible for there actions
Five Pillars of Islam
- Faith- Must believe there is no God but allah, and muhammad is his messenger
- Prayer-must pray five times a day and face toward Mecca
- Alms-Give money to poor though religious tax
- Fasting-fast between dawn and sunset, spiritual needs are greater than physical needs
- Pilgrimage- perform in the hajj at least once in there lifetime, must were the same clothing
Definitions
- Qur'an- Islamic holy book
- Mosque- Islamic house of Worship
- Sunna- An islamic model for living based on the teachings of Muhammad
- Shari'a- a body of laws governing lives of Muslims
- Ramadan-Islamic holy month
Common Relations with Judaism and Christianity
- Allah is the same God that jews and Christian believe in
- Muslims Jesus was a profit not the son of God
- All three believe in the Day of Judgement
- There is 1.6 billion muslims in the world today
Qur'an
Islamic Holy Book
Mosque
Islamic place of worship
The Kaaba
Place of Prayer