Cell Parts!
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Plasma
*The plasma membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment.
*keep things out or to allow things to enter
Cell Wall
* Is a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
*cell walls made of cellulose are only found around plant cells.
*The cell wall is the tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane
*provides these cells with structural support and protection
*also acts as a filtering mechanism.
Cytoplasm
* The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
*The cytoplasm comprises cytosol* The gel-like substance enclosed within the cell membrane
* The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
Nucleus
*nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel
*The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom.
* It was discovered in 1911
Nuclear Membrane
*The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane with multiple pores.
*The DNA in your cells is protected by a nuclear membrane.
*All eukaryotic cells those found in animals, plants, protists, and fungi have a control center called the nucleus.
* This is where genetic material, or DNA, is stored.
*Surrounding every nucleus is a double-layered membrane called the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.
Nucleolus
* RNA RiboNucleic Acid
* Is that mysterious round structure we are all taught to draw inside the nucleus of a cell.
Centrioles
* The position of the centriole determines the position of the nucleus and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell.
* Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles.
Chromatin
* The DNA double helix in the cell nucleus is packaged by special proteins termed histones.
*The formed protein/DNA complex is called chromatin.
* The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.
* The functions of chromatin are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis, and to control gene expression and DNA replication.
Ribosomes
* Ribosomes link Amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
*(Kiddie Definition) Ribosomes - Protein Construction Teams Cells need to make proteins. Enzymes made of proteins are used to help speed up biological processes.
Golgi Apparatus
* After the Golgi does its work on the molecules inside the sac, a secretory vesicle is created and released into the cytoplasm. From there, the vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
* All eucaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
*Its membrane typically constitutes more than half of the total membrane of an average animal cell.
* A continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Mitochondria
* They act as the power plants of the cell, are surrounded by two membranes, and have their own genome.