The Sun
Our Star
Core
Radiative Zone
The radiative zone is characterized by the method of energy transport - radiation. The energy generated in the core is carried by light (photons) that bounces from particle to particle through the radiative zone.
Convective Zone
The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior. It extends from a depth of about 200,000 km right up to the visible surface. At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000° C. This is "cool" enough for the heavier ions hold onto some of their electrons.
Photosphere
The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun that we are most familiar with. Since the Sun is a ball of gas, this is not a solid surface but is actually a layer about 100 km thick (very, very, thin compared to the 700,000 km radius of the Sun).
Chromospere
The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from 6000°C to about 20,000°C. At these higher temperatures hydrogen emits light that gives off a reddish color.
Corona
Sunspot
Prominence
A solar prominence is a large, bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the Sun's hot outer atmosphere, called the corona.
Flare
Solar flares are tremendous explosions on the surface of the Sun. In a matter of just a few minutes they heat material to many millions of degrees and release as much energy as a billion megatons of TNT. They occur near sunspots, usually along the dividing line between areas of oppositely directed magnetic fields.
Aurora
The aurora borealis and aurora australis – often called the northern lights and southern lights – are common occurrences at high northern and southern latitudes, less frequent at mid-latitudes, and seldom seen near the equator.
The Sun
Layers Of The Sun
Sources
http://nineplanets.org/sol.html
https://www.almanac.com/content/eight-layers-sun
http://trilleffect.com/things-you-should-know-about-space/146
http://www.uni.edu/morgans/astro/course/Notes/section2/new7.html
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/interior.shtml
http://scied.ucar.edu/sun-photosphere
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/ypop/Spotlight/SunInfo/Chromosph.html
http://www.ecnmag.com/news/2015/08/understanding-suns-corona
http://www.ecnmag.com/news/2015/08/understanding-suns-corona
http://oneminuteastronomer.com/1018/sunspots/
http://www.nileinternational.net/en/?p=2931
Sources
http://solar-center.stanford.edu/FAQ/Qspotsearth.html
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/ypop/Spotlight/SunInfo/Core.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/radiative_zone.html
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/interior.shtml
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/News022411-monsterprom.html#.VyufpYQrLcs