The Cardiovascular System
Blood
Blood characteristics
- Four to Six liters
- Seven to nine percent of it is body weight
- Only Liquid tissue
- Its a connective tissue
- Made of 55% Plasma and formed elements, 45%
Where & How Blood is Made
Blood is produced in the bone marrow, in bones, Primary in the flat bones, such as your skull. All cells come from one group, the " stem cells". They can produce whatever kind of blood the body needs the most. They can produce the red cells, white cells and the platelets.
Plasma
- 93% Water
- contains proteins, glucose, hormones, clotting factors, electrolytes & CO2
- looks yellow
- carries nutrients
~Plasma Protein-any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.
~Serum- blood plasma minus its clotting factors, still contains antibodies.
~Albumins- one of several types of proteins normally found in blood plasma; helps thicken blood.
~Globulins- a type of plasma protein that includes antibodies.
~fibrinogen- soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting
~Prothrombin- a protein present in normal blood that required for blood clotting
Red Blood Cells
- also called erythrocytes
- 45% blood
- Oxygen to body tissue in exchange for carbon dioxide
- transport oxygen
- small biconcave disk
- red round blob
- Erythrocytes - red blood cells
- Hemoglobin - iron containing protein in red blood cells
- Oxyhemoglobin - hemoglobin combined with oxygen
- Carbaminohemoglobin - the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin
White Blood Cells
- protect body from bacteria
- leukocytes- white blood cells
- Neutrophil - white blood cell that stains readily with neutral dyes
- Eosinophil - white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin, attacks parasitic worms. Red/orange, biolobed
- Basophil- white blood cells that stains readily with with basic dyes, Produce histamine and heparin, cause inflammation, dark purple, bilobbed
- Lymphocytes- type of white blood cell, protect against infection, not phagocytic
- Monocytes - a phagocyte, largest leukocytes, very phagocyte,
- Macrophage - phagocyric cells in the immune system, large monocytes outside blood stream.
- Granulocyte -white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm
- Agranulocytes -white blood cells with a one lobed nucleu
Platelets
- form clots (scabs)
- cell fragment
- less than 1%
- small purple blob
- protect body from external and invasion of diseases and bacteria
- Thrombocytes -also calld platelets, plays a role in blood clotting
- Prothrombin activator - a protein formed by clotting factors from damaged tissue cells and platelets
- Thrombin - protein important in blood clotting
- Fibrinogen- soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting
- Fibrin-insoluble protein in clotted blood
- Coagulation-process where blood forms clots
- Thrombus- stationary blood clot
- Thrombosis- formation of a clot in a blood vessel
- Embolus- a blood clot or other substance that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel
- Embolism-obststruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstrem