The War Of 1812
Impressment
Britain and France went to war again in 1803. America declared neutrality and wanted to trade with both Britain and France. Britain and France did not accept neutrality. Britain again captured ships and kidnapped sailors.
Economic Problems: Embargo of 1807
Jefferson proposed an embargo to avoid war. America stopped ALL trade with Europe. The good outcome was that this kept American ships safe and avoided war. A bad result was the without European trade American economy suffered.
War Hawks
War Hawks wanted war against Britain. In 1810, new "War Hawk" congressmen from the south and West were elected. The South was angry, Britain had damaged their trade with Europe. THe West was angry, they blamed Britain for Indian attacks on the frontier.
Native American Attacks
Americans violated the Treaty of Greenville and moved into Indian land. British troops were still in Western forts and armed Indians to attack Americans.
Battle Of Baltimore
The British navy tried to attack Baltimore but stopped at Fort McHenry. Francis Scott Key was inspired by the battle to write the "Star Spangled Banner" which became the national anthem. British ships retreated and the Chesapeake area was saved.
Fighting at New Orleans
Britain wanted to capture New Orleans and the Mississippi River to cut off trade. Battle of New Orleans, led by Andrew Jackson, American troops beat the British. This battle made Jackson a national hero and inspired nationalism throughout the country.
Effects of The War of 1812
Factories grew during the war and America depended less on British manufacturing. William Henry Harrison and Andrew Jackson became heros. America became a world power. Americans created unique culture distinct from Europe.