Chemistry of Life
Amanda Bengera & Aysha Burgos
Water
Cohesion- Water is attracted to itself
Adhesion- Water is attracted to other substances
Surface Tension- attraction between particles that causes layers
PH Scale- is used to determine how acidic a substance is.
7 is neutral
1 is acidic
14 is basic
Surface Tension
Shows surface tension.
Water Molecule
Structure of a water molecule.
Surface Tension
How particles attach to one another to cause surface tension.
Macromolecules
Macromolecules are polymers. Polymers are large molecules linked together.
The types of macromolecules
-Carbohydrates (sugar)
-Proteins
-Lipids (fats)
-Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Shows the structure of a nucleic acids.
Lipids
Shows the structure of lipids.
Carbohydrates
Shows the structure of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates
-Carbo mean carbon, hydrates mean water.
-Can be found in most foods.
-Main source of our bodies energy.
-If they are not used up they become fat.
- For ever gram of carbohydrates is four calories of energy.
Food and energy
Pasta and bread is are examples of carbs that we consume to get energy.
Structure
Photo shows the structure of Carbohydrates.
Breaking it down
Carbohydrates can be broken down.
Proteins
Proteins are able to function our hair, muscles and body. There are several thousand proteins in the human body. Knowing the shape of a protein helps determine the function. The shape is also able to determine a disease. In order for a protein to become active it must twist and fold. Proteins are ,made of small building blocks.
Structure
The structure of a protein.
Molecole
Protein Molecule.
Different types of proetins.
The shape is very important when it comes to proteins. The shape is what determines the function.
Lipids
Lipids are hydrophobic, meaning they do not mix with water. These molecules include fat and oil. There are two types of fat, saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fats have no double bonds. Unstaurated fats have at least one double bond. Fats have a lot of energy stored in their molecular bonds. The body breaks down the fat and converts it into energy.
Stucture
The structure of a lipid molecule.
Saturated and unsaturated
The difference in structure between saturated and unsaturated.
Source
Lipids come from fatty foods like butter and oil.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids are many part of monomer or building blocks. There are three types of Nucleic Acids. The first type is DNA which is heredity. The second type is RNA which carries the instructions for making proteins. The third type is ATP which is the energy bank.
DNA
DNA is heredity, carries traits and information.
RNA
RNA carries the instructions for making proteins.
ATP
ATP is the energy bank.
Enzymes
Enzymes are specialized proteins that help speed reactions by lowering the activation energy. They are catalysts and get things going. Enzymes have specific active sites that bind with a specific substrate. They have the same shape before and after interacting with the substrate. Are made of amino acids. The higher the temperature the faster the reaction will occur.
* NOT ALL PROTEINS ARE ENZYMES, BUT ALL ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS.
* NOT ALL PROTEINS ARE ENZYMES, BUT ALL ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS.
Enzymes
Step 1: The enzyme separates.
Step 2: The enzyme connects and changes shape to start a reaction.
Step 3: The enzyme divides.
Step 2: The enzyme connects and changes shape to start a reaction.
Step 3: The enzyme divides.
Reactions
By rubbing the match against the box your are lowering the activation energy. The catalyst is the side of the box and the reaction is the fire.
Temperature
The higher the temperature the faster the rate at which the reaction will occur.