The New Deal
Makenna Edge, 5th Period
The New Deal.
* The New Deal was a series of domestic economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in an attempt to end the Great Depression as well as an attempt to get the people to depend on the government again
The 3 R's
* The programs implemented by the New Deal were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the “3 R’s” : Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
- Relief for the unemployed and poor
- Recovery for the economy to normal levels
- Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression
Government Programs
***Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Led by Harry Hopkins, a former social worker, this agency sent funds to depleting local relief agencies. Within two hours, $5 million were given out. Mr. Hopkins believed that men should be put to work and not be given charity. His program also funded public work programs. Revitalized many deteriorating relief programs.
***Civil Works Administration (CWA)
This public work program gave the unemployed jobs building or repairing roads, parks, airports, etc. The CWA provided a psychological and physical boost to its 4 million workers.
***Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
This environmental program put 2.5 million unmarried men to work maintaining and restoring forests, beaches, and parks. Workers earned only $1 a day but received free board and job training. From 1934 to 1937, this program funded similar programs for 8,500 women.The CCC taught the men and women of America how to live independently, thus, increasing their self esteem.
***Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
This act ended the sale of tribal lands and restored ownership of unallocated lands to Native American groups.The outcome was obviously positive for the Native Americans.
***Public Works Association (PWA)
The PWA launched projects such as the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River.One of the best parts of the NIRA.
***Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935-1943
This agency provided work for 8 million Americans. The WPA constructed or repaired schools, hospitals, airfields, etc. Decreased unemployment.
***Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
This banned child labor and set a minimum wage.This law was a long awaited triumph for the progressive-era social reformers.