Language Arts 6th Grade
What We've Learned This Year! By: Ava Faulkinberry
Chapter 1 The Sentence
The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about.
The simple subject is the main word group that tells who or what the sentence is about. The predicate of a sentence of a sentence tells something about the subject.
The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or word group in the complete predicate. A compound subject consists of two or more subjects that are joined b a conjunction and that have the same verb.
A compound verb consist of two or more verbs that are joined b a conjunction and that have the same subject.
A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period.
An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. Most imperative sentences end with a period. A strong command ends with an exclamation point.
An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.
An exclamatory sentence shows excitement or expresses strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point.
Chapter 1 Examples
Kennedy forgot her ID but remembered to put it on in the car.
Simple subject ex.
Addison forgot to put on his shoes and left the house.
Subject ex.
Jonny forgot to brush his teeth.
Predicate ex.
Katelyn wrote a book.
Simple Predicate or verb ex.
Mary-Esther lifted the painting carefully.
Compound Subject ex.
Bella and Simone talk a lot together.
Compound verb ex.
Mallory overslept but caught her bus anyway.
Declarative Sentence ex.
Simone lived in California. (statement)
Imperative Sentence ex.
Sit down. (command)
Interrogative Sentence ex.
How old is my mom? (question)
Exclamatory Sentence ex.
I got his autograph! (strong feeling)
Chapter 2 Parts of Speech Overview
Adjective- is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun.
Chapter 2 Examples
Clara barton was the founder of the American Red Cross.
Pronoun
I am sure he told you about their plans.
Adjective
The sky was clear, and the night was cold.
Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview
Adverb- is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Preposition- is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Conjunction- is a word that joins words or groups of words.
Interjection- is a word that expresses emotion.
Chapter 3 Examples
We went to Boston last April.
Adverb
The lemonade was too sour
Preposition
your math book is underneath your coat, Allen.
Conjunction
Both Micheal Jordan and David Robinson planned to play in the charity softball game.
Interjection
Aha! I knew you were hiding there.
Chapter 4 The Phrase and the Clause
Prepositional phrase- includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.
Adjective phrase- a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun or noun.
Adverb Phrase- a prepositional phrase that is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
Clause- is a word group that contains a verb and it subject and that is used as a sentence or as part of a speech.
Independent clause- expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.
Adjective Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Adverb Clause- is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
Simple Sentence- has one independent clause and no subordinate clauses.
Compound Sentence- consists of two or more independent clause, usually by a comma and a connecting word.
Complex Sentence- contains one independent clause and at least subordinate clause.
Compound-complex sentence- is a sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
Chapter 4 Examples
Could have been looking. no subject
Prepositional Phrase
The man from Singapore was giving a speech.
Adjective Phrase
Chunks of ice fell from the skyscraper.
Adverb Phrase
We walk along the lake every Saturday.
Independent Clause
After Kevin had fed the cats, he worked on the jigsaw puzzle.
Subordinate Clause
We all enjoyed the dinner that Dad cooked for us.
Adjective Clause
A cat that has white fur.
Adverb Clause
With a shy smile, the toddler hid behind her mother.
Simple Sentence
My mother belongs to the Friends of the Library.
Compound Sentence
She likes sweets, yet she seldom buys them.
Complex Sentence
Before Chen planted his garden, he made a sketch of the layout.
Compound-Complex Sentence
I picked up the branches that had fallen during the storm, and Rosa mowed the grass.
Chapter 5 Complements
Direct Object- is a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of the verb.
Indirect Object- is a noun, pronoun, or word group that usually comes between the verb and the direct object. Ab indirect object tells to whom or for whom or what the action of the verb is done.
Subject Complements- is a word or word group that is in the predicate and that identifies or describes the subject.
Predicate Nominative- is a word or word group that is in the predicate and that identifies the subject or refers to it.
Predicate adjective- is an adjective that is in the predicate and that describes the subject.
Chapter 5 Examples
Sarah bought herself a new jacket.
Direct Object
My brother bought a model.
Indirect Object
I gave that problem some thought.
Subject Complement
The airport appears very busy.
Predicate Nominates
Maya Angelou is a great poet and storyteller.
Predicate Adjective
I believe that is Nigerian.
Chapter 6 Agreement
Plural- are words that refer more than one person, place, thing , ore idea are generally plural in number.
Verb- should agree in number with its number subject. singular subjects take singular verb
and plural subjects take plural verbs.
Subject-the number of a subject is not changed by a phrase following the subject.
The following indefinite pronouns are singular- anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody,someone, and something.
the following indefinite pronouns are plural- both, few, many, several.
Indefinite Pronouns- all, amy, more, most, none,and some may be singular or plural, depending on their meaning in a sentence.
Plural Verb- are subjects joined by and generally take a plural verb.
Singular subject- that are joined by or or nor take a singular verb.
Plural Subject- joined by or or nor take a plural verb.
When a singular subject and a plural subject are joined by or or nor take a plural verb.
Subject after the Verb- is when the subject follows the verb, find the subject and make sure that the verb agrees with it.
The Contractions Don't and doesn't- doesn't is the contraction of do not. Use don't with all plural subjects and with the pronouns I and you. The word doesn't is the contraction of does not. Use Doesn't with all singular subjects except the pronouns I and you.
Agreement of Pronoun- a pronoun should agree in gender with its antecedent. A pronoun should agree with its antecedent in number.
Use a singular pronoun to refer to the indefinite pronouns- anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, and something
Use a plural pronouns to refer to the indefinite pronouns- both, few, many, and several.
The indefinite pronouns- all any, more, most, none, and some may be a singular or plural, depending on their meaning in a sentence.
Use a singular pronoun- to refer to two or more singular antecedent joined by or or nor.
Use a plural pronoun- to refer to two or more antecedents joined by and.
Chapter 6 Examples
peach
Plural
libraries
Verb Agreement and Singular Verbs
The ocean roars in the distance.
Plural Verbs
Squirrels eat the seeds from behind the bird feeder.
Number Subject
These shades of the blue are my favorite colors.
Indefinite Pronouns Singular
One of the stars is from my home town.
Indefinite Pronouns Plural
Both overflow occasionally.
Indefinite Pronouns singular and Plural
All of the snow has melted.
Plural Verb
Red and blue are the school's colors.
Singular Subjects
A new marble statue or a fountain has been planned for the park.
Plural Subjects
either potatoes or beans are served with baked chicken.
Singular Subject and Plural Subject
Either the engineers or their boss has made this mistake.
Subjects after the Verb
Are the birds in the nest?
Don't and Doesn't
I don't have my keys.
He doesn't know you.
Pronoun
Rosa said she lost her glasses.
Pronoun Number
Please put the lawn mower away after you have finished using it.
Plural Pronoun
Both of the birds had hidden their nests well.
Subject Pronouns
Either Miguel or Randall has his painting on display.
Indefinite Pronouns
None os the cereal has lost its crunch.
Plural Pronouns
When Tyrell and Davis get home, they will be surprised.
Chapter 7 Using Verbs Correctly
Regular Verb- forms its past and past participle by adding -d or -ed to the base form.
Irregular Verb- forms its past and past participle in some other way than adding -d or -ed to the base form.
Tense- of a verb indicate the time of the action or the state of being that is expressed by the verb. Do not change needlessly from one tense to another.
Chapter 7 Examples
start
Present Participle
is starting
Past
started
Past Participle
have started
Regular Verb
washed
Irregular Verb
won
Tense
I wear
Chapter 8 Using Pronouns Correctly
Predicate Nominative- is that pronoun for a form subject.
Object Form- for a pronoun that is the direct object of a verb.
Indirect Object of a Verb- is the pronoun for a form a object.
Object Preposition- is the pronoun for a form of the object.
Chapter 8 Examples
I walked to school.
Predicate Nominative
the next singer is she.
Object Form
The teacher thanked me for cleaning the chalkboard.
Indirect Object od a Verb
scott handed me a note.
Object Preposition
above me
Chapter 9 Using Modifiers Correctly
Adverbs- make the meanings of verbs, adjectives, and other adverb more specific.
Positive Degree- is used when only one thing is being modified and no comparison is being made.
Comparative Degree- is used when two things are being compared.
Superlative Degree- is used when three or more things are being compared.
Modifiers- good and well have different uses. Good is used to modify a noun or a pronoun, Well is to modify a verb.
Linking Verbs- use adjectives, not adverbs after.
Double Comparison- avoid using.
Double Negatives- avoid using.
Place- modifying words, phrases, and clauses as close as possible to the words they modify.
Chapter 9 Examples
That one is my favorite.
Adverbs
The car backfired loudly.
Positive Degree-
Shawn runs quickly.
Comparative Degree
Which of the two horses jumped more gracefully?
Superlative Degree
Which member of the team runs most quickly?
Modifier Good
The farmers had a good crop this year.
Modifiers Well
The day started well.
Linking Verbs
Mayor Rodriquez should feel confident.
Double Comparison
That was the actor's scariest role.
Double Negatives
Sheila did not tell anyone her idea.
Place
the singer from Brazil face a radio interview for her fans.